Unusual time / causality / worldviews (natlang/conlang)

This will be related to another topic I'm working out and will post
later, but here's a question:

Anyone know languages that implement time-reference, causality, or
other major worldview components in a significantly different way than
Ye Normal Languages?

As an example, a friend of mine has a language in which causality is
difficult to express, or at least in which linear-time "X then Y -> X
caused Y" sort is not dominant. (E.g. he could say "X was caused by
Y", for the same timeline.)

Another that I don't actually know much about except the really
generic pleb's redaction is the concept that - at quantum level, or in
other fundamental ways - "Reality" doesn't necessarily follow our
linear-progression-of-time outlook. Could anyone clarify that from an
actual physics perspective?

Anyhow: Any examples of major worldview shifts like these, and a
sketch of how they are implemented in the language?

 - Sai

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