Emphasis markers AND 2nd pers. polite
From: | Roger Mills <rfmilly@...> |
Date: | Thursday, July 27, 2006, 22:22 |
Emphasis markers are in short supply so far in Kash. I suspect
displeasure/dismay etc. might be communicated telepathically, while using
ordinary speech.
"Never" can be emphasized by using a double negative:
talunda minahan numu toluka
never we-eat fish raw
'We don't eat raw fish' (but it might be interesting to try...)
ta minahan tolunda numu toluka
not we-eat never .....
'We NEVER eat raw fish' (and what an disgusting idea!!)
------------------------
Polite forms exist, but Holunda is much less class-ridden than other Kash
nations. Still, the royal family and titled nobles get special deference, as
do legislators, senior priests and professors. And a salespeople/waiters
etc. are usually properly obsequious to customers......
Usually, the title suffices; if one isn't sure, substitute _simbi, lumbi_
'Mr., Sir; Ms., Madam.
There's also pracalengi 'excellency' (pra- honorific, caleñ 'best'+
(irreg.) -ki 2nd pers. pl.)
prasinuñ 'gentleman, "milord"
pralumañ 'lady, "milady"
prakambi 'you hon.' (contraction of pra + kambra 'friend' + my)
Children of royalty/titles are addressed by their numeric: mesa '1st born',
rona '2nd', sina '3rd' prana '4th et seq.' (usually the mesa is well known--
think Prince Charles; if the others are wearing their official sarongs one
would know.
Not in the dictionary, but I think _priya/e_ (hon. + he/she) would do for
respectful 3d person.
I don't think the "royal we" is used. Official pronouncements might begin
"mam karun tita...," 'I Duke order...' or perhaps "e karun tita..." 'The
Duke orders...", "mila temandombrila tita..." 'we chief-judges order...'
or in less official settings, perhaps the karun would refer to him/herself
in the third person:
ta ne yaloko 'it does not amuse him/her(=me)'