THEORY: (terminology correction) RE: pro-anything

>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D Original Message From Lassailly@aol.com =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
>Dans un courrier dat=E9 du 21/04/99 02:16:35  , Pablo a =E9crit :
>
><< "Angry and frustrated, he walked" which would be more
> like short for "Feeling angry..." (i. e. adverbial, not
> adjectival). >>
>
>I would rather call it a passive gerund.
Surely you mean "active participle."

> This shows another possible kind of
>deictic : the reference to each PoS. "pro-anything" refer to different kinds
>of references : space (here, there), time (Dutch : dan, toen), speaker (me,
>you), so why not PoS (verb, subject-topic, object) ?
>
>"I walk (and I am) angry" : angry refers to subject "I"
>"I walk slowly" : slowly refers to verb "walk"
>"I walk angrily" : angrily refers to subject "I" via verb "to walk"
>
>In French you even may have a gerund referring to the object :
>"il le quitta, anxieux" : "he left him (as the latter was) nervous".
Surely not "gerund" but "adjective."  "Gerunds" were originally a particular
kind of Latin verbal noun ("gerundum" would be a classic example), and the
name was adopted in English as a label for verbal nouns in -ing, as in
"Thinking before you speak is a good idea." They are mostly synonymous with
infinitives, as in "to think before you speak is a good idea" -- though here
for some reason we prefer to say, "it is a good idea to think before you
speak."

Verbal *adjectives* are not gerunds but participles, as in "The thinking
person's guide to conlanging."

Ed

--
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Ed Heil ..................... edheil@mailandnews.com
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     "Koy tse tl'an tse tum gen nekom payaw;
           ts'enra me hlay man yatam."
"The noble nation of Atlantis is greatest among men;
    And its reign shall extend unto eternity."
          (from a Linear P inscription.)
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