Swadesh: was: Re: Comparatives: was: Re: I came in late.

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On Mon, 26 Jul 1999, Ed Heil wrote:

> Tan... obviously cognate with "than."  Ever Swadesh Denden and
> English?
>=20
No, not Denden. But when I was rummaging around I found an old wp4 file
with a 100-word Swades of Valdyan, Selang (a language done by Martijn
Spruit who I used to know rather well - I've even written a grammar
of his language for him) and a couple more mundane languages. A bit
of conversion later (which especially mangled the Turkish and the Sanskrit)=
,
and a quick look in my dictionary file, and I had the enclosed (since
the table is too wide to be included in the message itself).=20

A first eye-ball assessment of this data shows that Selang clearly
is an Indo-European language with a lot of adstrate influence. On
the basis of the personal pronouns Valdyan must be on the same
level of Welsh - in order to determine the date of splitting, we have to
count the cognates: 29, by applying the usual inspection method.

The correct formula (according to Firestone 1965:41) is

          log Cognates
    T =3D -------
          log Retention rate

With a retention rate of 84%, according to Bynon (1977:255).=20

My mathematics isn't all it's cracked up to be - I have quite forgotten
what exactly the retention rate for the formula is, and I'm not quite up
to logarithmics, but, garbage in, conclusion out, and I have calculated
that Valdyan and Welsh must have split 782 years and two month ago. I think
there's something wrong with either the formula, or my application of
it... All corrections welcome!

A careful consideration of the data seems to indicate that English
and Denden share six items of basic vocubulary:

two  - verai (w=3Dv)
man  - adan  (an=3Dan)
fish - qaush (sh=3Dsh)
horn - herk  (hVr=3DhVr)
head - hod   (hVd=3DhVd)
eat  - etet  (Vt=3DVt)
fire - perin (fVr=3DpVr)

Which seems to put the split of Denden and English at about 10.000
years ago - the maximum time depth of glottochronology...

Denden and Indo-European appear to be standing on equal footing,
and the Denden evidence could perhaps be of great value to the
Nostraticists, and might even be used when determining proto-World.

---

Bynon, Theodora. 1977. Historical Linguistics, Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press.

Dappermann, Wilhelm. 1989. Indo-Europaischer Sprachwissenschaft: Ur-S
lang bestudiert, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter

Firestone, Homer L. 1965. Description and Classification of Sirion=F3. The =
Hague: Mouton and Co.

Sl=FCtter, Joachim. 1988. 'Die ersten Delianer', Archeologia Mediterraniae
4: 7-26.

Swadesh, Morris,'Towards Greater Accuracy in Lexicostatistic Dating,'
International Journal of American Linguistics, XXI (1955) p 121.


Boudewijn Rempt  | http://www.xs4all.nl/~bsarempt

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