Re: Hungarian tense, aspect, mood...
| From: | Tamás Racskó <tracsko@...> |
|---|
| Date: | Monday, April 26, 2004, 9:27 |
|---|
On 25 Apr 2004 Javier BF <<uaxuctum@...>> referenced:
[Unfortunately, I've missed the original posting.]
The site above is rather correct, but has a number of mistakes
and misunderstandings. A few of them:
* "The form given in dictionaries is usually the infinitive" - in
Hungarian dictionaries, the verbal lexemes are the indicative
present indefinite 3rd person singular forms;
* "olvasol - you read (not *olvassz or *olvasosz)" - _olvassz_
/olvOSs/ is possible, but archaic (sometimes I use it);
* "Some verbs, known as the 'ikes' verbs, have a somewhat different
conjugation" - the "ik"-type verbs form a moribund, half-developed
paradigm; in colloquial they have only 3rd person singular (Sg3)
indicative presnt forms, the other ones came from the indefinite
paradigm, except Sg1 that borrowed from the definite. The "ik"-type
verbs never had characteristic plural forms;
* ['ik' verbs indefinte present] "2s = -(o/e/o:)l" - it's archaic
or dialectal: nowadays this suffix is the same as for indefinite
Sg2 (_sz_, except after sibilants when it's _l_); de orgiginally
indefinite _sz_ and the 'ik'-type _l_ became inflexional variants);
* [definte present] "The ikes verbs take the same endings: fürdöm -
I bathe (it)" - verb "fürdik" may not have definite forms, becsuse
it's not transitive, it's medial. Originally the "ik"-type paradigm
formed intransitive (passive, reflexive, medial) verbs from
transistive ones: _to:r_ 'break (transitive)' ~ _to:rik_ 'break
(intrastitive)'. Therefore the "ik"-type verbs had no definite
paradigm. However, a few verbs governing partitive became later
transitive, as _eszik_ 'eat', _iszik_ 'drink' (as a factor in agony
of this paradigm): these could be chosen as example; but, with a
definite direct object, they are conjugated as standard definite
vebs (not as 'ik'-type ones).
* "fu:rdju:k - we bathe (it)" - in addition to the above, it has a
phonotactic inaccuracy: _fu:ro:dju:k_. The verb _fu:rdik_ is a two-
stem verb: _fu:rd-_ before suffixes beginning with a vowel, and
_fu:ro:d-_ before a consonant.
* [Definite Past Tense] "2s = -[ot]ta'd, -[et]te'd, -[o:t]te'd; 2s:
mosta'd, engedte'd, fo"zte'd, hallotta'd" - The vocal of the suffix
is short: -[ot]tad, -[et]ted, -[o:t]ted; 2s: mostad, engedted,
fo"zted, hallottad"
* [Definite Past Tense] "3s = -otta, -ette, -ötte; 3s: mosotta,
engedette, fo"zo:tte, hallotta" - the Sg3 forms are the same as the
Sg2 ones minus the ending _d_: -[ot]ta, -[et]te, -[o:t]te; 3s:
mosta, engedte, fo"zte, hallotta.
* Etc.
And a final note about the moods: in fact, there's no subjunctive
in Hungarian, only imparative. The subjunctive concept is mapped by
imperative, conditional, and even, indicative in Hungarian.
Reply