Wierzbicka's Semantic Primitives
From: | Ed Heil <edh@...> |
Date: | Sunday, April 30, 2000, 1:57 |
Because Pat Dunn was asking after small sets of vocab.
These are taken from Anna Wierzbicka's _Semantics: Primes and Univerals_.
Please note that many of these words, considered as semantic primitives,
have a much narrower meaning than their regular polysemous English
meanings. And some require a bit of elaboration from Wierzbicka's book,
which I recommend everyone read and love and hate, especially people
with an interest in lexicography.
Substantives
I, YOU, SOMEONE, SOMETHING, PEOPLE
Determiners
THIS, THE SAME, OTHER, SOME
Quantifiers
ONE, TWO, MANY/MUCH, ALL, MORE
Mental Predicates
THINK, KNOW, WANT, FEEL, SEE, HEAR
Nonmental Predicates
MOVE, THERE IS, (BE) ALIVE
Speech
SAY
Actions/Events
DO, HAPPEN
Evaluators
GOOD, BAD
Descriptors
BIG, SMALL
Time
WHEN, BEFORE, AFTER, A LONG TIME, A SHORT TIME, NOW
Space
WHERE, UNDER, ABOVE, FAR, NEAR, SIDE, INSIDE, HERE
Partonomy/Taxonomy
PART (OF), KIND (OF)
Metapredicates
NOT, CAN, VERY
Interclausal Linkers
IF (conditional), BECAUSE, LIKE
Imagination and Possibility
IF...WOULD [counterfactual], MAYBE