Re: deixis

I found another example. In Heiltsuk it is necessary to indicate whether
one sees th eboject or not:

                visible         invisible
near speaker    ga-xv           ga-c-xv
near listener   qu-xv           qu-xv-c-xv
yonder          qi-xv           qi-c-xv

There is this story about this people that there was a lot of confusion
when the telefone made its entry in the community.
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> Van: Paul Roser <pkroser@...>
> Aan: Multiple recipients of list CONLANG <CONLANG@...>
> Onderwerp: Re: deixis
> Datum: dinsdag 13 april 1999 4:04
>
> Nik Taylor wrote:
> >
> [snipped]
> >
> > Eskimo is supposed to have some 30 forms (tho I wonder if this is
> > another "snow" type myth) expressing things like "that in there", "that
> > high up there", and "that unseen".
>
> I had to look this up - this is from 'Yup'ik Eskimo Grammar', Reed et
> al, ANLC 1977. The demonstrative pronouns are differentiated into:
> "extended" (large expanses of land/water; lengthy or moving objects);
> "restricted" (objects that are stationary/moving in a confined area,
> small in extent, relatively near & visible); and "obscured" (objects
> farther away & not clearly in sight)
>
> EXTENDED    RESTRICTED     OBSCURED
> man'a       una            ---         'the one near speaker'
> tamana      tauna          ---         'the one near listener'
> ---         ---            imna        'the aforementioned one'
> ukna        ---            ---         'the one approaching speaker'
> augna       ingna          amna        'the one over there/going away
>                                         from speaker'
> agna        ikna           akemna      'the one across there'
> qaugna      kiugna         qamna       'the one inland/inside/up river'
> qagna       keggna         qakemna     'the one outside'
> un'a        kan'a          camna       'the one below/toward river'
> unegna      ugna           cakemna     'the one down river/on the
>                                         coast/by the exit'
> paugna      pingna         pamna       'the one up there/away from
>                                         river'
> pagna       pikna          pakemna     'the one up above' (eg, birds)
>
> So that equals 30...
>
> /g/ = vcd velar fricative;
> /gg/ = vls velar fricative;
> /ng/ = velar nasal;
> /ug/ = labialized velar fricative;
> /c/ = coronal affricate ( normally [tS], [ts] before another C or /e/);
> /e/ = mid central vowel [@].
>
> mujzhi li,
> bfowol
>
>
> /q/ = uvular stop;
> /'/ = gemination of preceding consonant