Re: deixis

Nik Taylor wrote:
>
[snipped]
>
> Eskimo is supposed to have some 30 forms (tho I wonder if this is
> another "snow" type myth) expressing things like "that in there", "that
> high up there", and "that unseen".
I had to look this up - this is from 'Yup'ik Eskimo Grammar', Reed et
al, ANLC 1977. The demonstrative pronouns are differentiated into:
"extended" (large expanses of land/water; lengthy or moving objects);
"restricted" (objects that are stationary/moving in a confined area,
small in extent, relatively near & visible); and "obscured" (objects
farther away & not clearly in sight)

EXTENDED    RESTRICTED     OBSCURED
man'a       una            ---         'the one near speaker'
tamana      tauna          ---         'the one near listener'
---         ---            imna        'the aforementioned one'
ukna        ---            ---         'the one approaching speaker'
augna       ingna          amna        'the one over there/going away
                                        from speaker'
agna        ikna           akemna      'the one across there'
qaugna      kiugna         qamna       'the one inland/inside/up river'
qagna       keggna         qakemna     'the one outside'
un'a        kan'a          camna       'the one below/toward river'
unegna      ugna           cakemna     'the one down river/on the
                                        coast/by the exit'
paugna      pingna         pamna       'the one up there/away from
                                        river'
pagna       pikna          pakemna     'the one up above' (eg, birds)

So that equals 30...

/g/ = vcd velar fricative;
/gg/ = vls velar fricative;
/ng/ = velar nasal;
/ug/ = labialized velar fricative;
/c/ = coronal affricate ( normally [tS], [ts] before another C or /e/);
/e/ = mid central vowel [@].

mujzhi li,
bfowol


/q/ = uvular stop;
/'/ = gemination of preceding consonant