Re: My set for an English sidestepping spelling reform:
From: | Carlos Thompson <chlewey@...> |
Date: | Sunday, February 1, 2004, 23:24 |
I wrote:
> As proposed, I am using a combination of CV, (V)C and diacritic
> symbols, plus a few lexemic symbols. I will use a semi-orthographic
> rendering of the symbols:
[snip]
Weel, here is the final rendering for a new spelling reform for English:
http://www.chlewey.org/conlang/ensib.png
It has 29 basic onset (CV) base symbols and 15 basic offset (VC) symbols.
There are also several diacritics:
diacritic 1 (a horizontal bar, which is actually the symbol for <he>) marks
fricativization.
diacritic 2 marks lenization of stops (voicing) or voicing of fricatives.
diacritic 3 marks an /s/ sound clustering the consonant.
Above diacritics can be used in both onsets and offsets.
The onsets have four aditional diacritics marking a glide: /r/, /l/, /w/,
and /j/. (The /j/ mark is basically only used on consonant-free onsets and
it is not in the chart.)
The offsets have a nasalization diacritic.
There is a vowel shifting diacritic (dot bellow), for a total of 8
diacritics.
Now, all (most, probably depends on dialect) vowels in English (British or
American) can be set as a combination of the vowels of the onset and the
offset, plus the vowel shift mark.
There are three "tonic" vowels and one schwa for the onsets, and two
semivowels and a null vowel for the offsets.
I will call them respectively Ci, Ca, Cu; Ce; yC, wC; and C. I will
represent the shifted onsets as Ci', Ca' and Cu' (Ca'=Co in the chart), and
the shifted offsets as rC, yrC and wrC.
Then: (word, British, American, representation)
pit [pIt] [pIt] pi+t
pet [pet] [pEt] pi'+t
pat [p{t] [p{t] pa+t
pot [pQt] [pat] pa'+t
cut [kVt] [kVt] ku+t
put [pUt] [pUt] pu'+t
ease [i:z] [iz] i'+yz
raise [reIz] [rez] ra+yz
rise [raIz] [raIz] ra'+yz
noise [nOIz] [nOIz] nu+yz
lose [lo:z] [luz] lu+wz
nose [n@Uz] [noz] nu'+wz
rouse [raUz] [raUz] ra'+wz
furs [f3:z] [f3`z] fu+rz
stars [stA:z] [stArz] sta+rz
cause [kO:z] [kOz] ka+wz
fears [fI@z] [fIrz] fi+rz
stairs [ste@z] [stErz] sti'+yrz
cures [kjU@z] [kjUrz] ki+wrz
happy [h{pi] [h{pI] ha+p + pe+y
into [Intu] [IntU] i+n + te+w
allow [@laU] [@laU] e + la'+w
corner [kO:n@] [kOrn@`] ku'+rn + e+r
This system shoud be phonetical, if a word has one of the above patterns for
British than for American (or for any other dialect), it should be written
using the pattern that is more akin to the respective dialect.
For the consonants, the onset recognizes six basic consonants (all of them
stops) plus the null consonant, plus the <he> symbol.
The consonants are nominally: pV tV cV (chV) kV mV and nV; plus null
consonant V (also ?V).
The fricativation mark (-) acts on the oral stops, making them fricative.
The fricativation mark is basically the <he> symbol superimposed.
p-V = fV
t-V = thV (voiceless)
c-V = shV
k-V = khV (rare in Native words)
The lenisation/voicing diacritic (`) applies to the oral stops, or the
fricativized stops.
`pV = bV
`tV = dV
`cV = jV
`kV = gV
`p-V = vV
`t-V = thV (voiced)
`c-V = zhV
Also the voicing diacritic over the null consonant onsets ?V, is equal to zV
`V = zV
The sibilant diacritic (s) is equal to preced the consonant with and /s/,
and would precede any basic onset (but chV):
sV = sV
spV = spV
stV = stV
skV = skV
smV = smV
snV = snV
The glides (^r,^l,^w,^y), is equal to cluster the respective glide between
the base consonant and the vowel:
pV^l = plV
`pV^l = blV
spV^l = splV
p-V^l = flV
`p-V^l = vlV
etc.
The non-nasal sonorants are basically the
In principle you only have lenis or sibilant (or none), and only one glide.
This should cover practically every consonant or consonant cluster that can
be found in English.
On the offsets, the basic consonants are the four oral stops, plus the
consonant-free series: Vp, Vt, Vc (Vch), Vk; V.
The fricative, the lenis and the sibilant diacritics apply:
Vp = Vp, Vp- = Vff, `Vp = Vb, `Vp- = Vv, sVp = Vsp
Vt = Vt, Vt- = Vth, `Vt = Vd, `Vd- = Vth, sVt = Vst
Vc = Vch, Vc- = Vsh, `Vc = Vge, `Vc- = Vge, sVc = Vs
Vk = Vk, Vk- = Vch, `Vk = Vg, sVk = Vsk
V = V, sV = Vz
The lateral glide <^l> can also be used on offsets.
And there is a nasalization glide <~> applies to stops as following:
~Vp = Vmp `~Vp = Vm
~Vt = Vnt `~Vt = Vn
~Vc = Vnch
~Vk = Vnk `~Vk = Vng
The complete set of symbols is:
onsets:
i pi ti ci ki mi ni
a pa ta ca ka ma na
u pu tu cu ku mu nu
e pe te ce ke me ne he
offsets:
0 p t c k
y yp yt yc yk
w wp wt wc wk
diacritics:
' - ` s ^r ^l ^w ^y ~
(' in offsets will be written as r)
A set of examples (taken from
http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/english.htm), are:
pin : pi `~t
bin : `pi `~t
tin : ti `~t
din : `ti `~t
kin : ki `~t
give : `ki `p-
chin : ci `~t
gin : `ci `~t
fin : p-i `~t
vim : `p-i `~p
thin : t-i `~t
this : `t-i sc
sin : si `~t
zing : `i `~g
shin : c-i `~t
measure : mi' `c- e 0r
hit : -i t
mock : ma' k
knock : na' k
thing : t-i `~k
wrong : ^ra' `~k
long : ^la' `~k
wasp : ^wa' sp
yacht : ^ya' t
pit : pi t
pet : pi' t
pat : pa t
pot : pa' t
cut : cu t
put : pu' t
another : e `~t u t- e 0r (etim.)
e nu t- e 0r (phon.)
ease : i' sy
raise : ^ra' sy
rise : ^ra sy
noise : nu sy
lose : ^lu sw
nose : nu' sw
rouse : ^ra' sw
furs : p-u s0r
stars : sta s0r
cause : ka sw
fears : p-i s0r
stairs : sti' s0r
cures : ki swr
happy : -a p pe y
into : i `~t te w
loch : ^la' k-
allow : e ^la' w
corner : ka' ~0r e 0r
-- ka' 0r ^lu swc ta' ~p se `~t