Further stanzas in Valdyan (LONG!)

Here's the lot of it in Valdyan, starting with a revised version of
the first stanza (for the nature of the revisions see my other
message).

Six completely new roots from the Spare Roots File, and about a dozen
new derivations.

Some notes on pronunciation and stress:

lh - voiceless lateral fricative (Welsh ll), l-with-a-stroke
ch - voiceless velar fricative, /x/
r  - velar trill, /R/
rh - voiceless velar trill
y  - unrounded high central vowel (the thing written in Russian as
     small "61"), i-with-a-stroke
/ea/, /ie/, /yi and /ye/ are rising diphthongs, /ai/, /ay/ and /ei/
     are falling diphthongs

Otherwise "standard European pronunciation" applies. I promise to do
a full ASCII-IPA overview as soon as I finish rewriting the
grammar...

Affixes (and flexion morphemes) are usually unstressed; stress tends
to be on the stem or on its penultimate syllable if it has more than
one. The exception is cu- "what, which", which is very hungry for
stress.


I

Lhyp! Badin gulynayt!
Ine iran besh farinenas chalenan.
Ei! Culea i vuria a bychesat?
Had in craz so cach
Doparne ine cunie laynynat
Ei, salei i ryleset!
Norenin lastinin hune abruve.


II

> Xipu! Manxu.ri penera.r
> EXCL  plum.p   fall.PRS
Lhyp! Badin      gulynayt!
splat plum-nom-p fall-PRS-3p

> Sero  t'e.r.neno   berya.deryo relshna.r
> 1sHGH have.PRS.DUR 10.4=09       summer.p
Ine iran moch salnenan     chalenan
I   ten  four summer-acc-p see-PERF-PRS-1s

Recycled bits here. _Salnen_ "summer" is derived from _salne_ "ripe,
mature".

> Tau ajim      t'eheran.ze.men t'imti e.sero    u!
> NEG young.man ask_for.EXP.AFF   heart  POS.1sHGH EXCL
Ei, ni  razie i  vuria    na   bychenat.
Oh, NEG youth me soul-acc NEGV demand-PRF-PRS-3s

_Razie_ refers to anyone from the mid-teens to the early twenties,
men as well as women.

> The aspect suffix <-ze> is glossed as experiential: I'm not so sure
> that that is the correct analysis.
It defaults to perfective in Valdyan; it's something that has already
happened (or rather, in this case, has already failed to happen).
_Ni_ is a negation for anything except verbs, _na_ is the verbal
negation that's obligatory if the subject or an object is negated.

> Yudirci        e.sero    t'e.t'e  berya.kari azhemu
> younger_sister POS.1sHGH have.DUP 10.3       year
Ta.parne    in iran besh  relyinan   amrenat
DIM-sibling my ten  three year-acc-p live-PRF-PRS-3s

As I pointed out in another post, this is a normal way to say
"thirteen years old".

> Ye  sera  k'ari     chuam.lei  laya     ajum
> and 3sHGH yesterday marry.PRT1 handsome man
Hanrie  echain   so  az   ensen   cunien       lonynenat
day-loc previous and with man-dat handsome-dat get.married-PRF-PRS-3s

> P'a ajir    avaneran.ma.men sero
> ADH someone court.FUT1.AFF  1sHGH
Ei, salei   i  ryleset!
oh  someone me court-INC-IRR-3s

> At'a   sero  ghadza lodha perve=20
> before 1sHGH die    like  snowdrop
Cul  crysei     lasten datay  runen.
like snow-gen-s flower before die-IRR-1s


III
=20
> Xipu! Manxu.ri penera.r
> EXCL  plum.p   fall.PRS
Lhyp! Badin      gulynayt!
splat plum-nom-p fall-PRS-3p

> Sero  t'e.r.neno   berya.loryo raxna.r
> 1sHGH have.PRS.DUR 10.5        autumn.p
Ine iran ran  pulena        chalenan
I   ten  five harvest-acc-p see-PERF-PRS-1s
=20
> Tautau  ajim t'eheran.ze.r t'imti e.sero    u!
> NEG.DUP man  court.PRF.PRS heart  POS.1sHGH EXCL
Ei, ni  salei razie i  vuria    na   bychenat
Oh, NEG any-M youth me soul-acc NEGV demand-PRF-PRS-3s

Boudewijn tells me that "court" is a typo, and should be "ask.for" as
in the first stanza. I'll let it stand in his glosses and translate
it as it should be.

_ni salei razie_ "not any young man", "not a single young man".

> Naha   tewir.lei    sero  ok=E9    netu
> mother lock_up.PRT1 1sHGH behind wall
Nane   bedhien  nuis   i  renenat
mother wall-loc behind me imprison-PRF-PRS-3s

> T'an shemai maizing      weru e.yudirci
> GEN  sew    wedding_gown 2    poss.younger_sister
Lonyenin    feala    taparnei        doraziei      da    mulen      fere.
wedding-gen gown-acc DIM.sibling-gen AUG.young-gen for.. sew-IRR-1s ..to

_taparnei doraziei_ "still younger sister" (i.e. younger than the one
in stanza II); _da mulen fere_ "so that I sew", "in order for me to
sew".

> P'a ajir    avaneran.ma.men sero
> ADH someone court.FUT1.AFF  1sHGH
Ei, salei   i  ryleset!
oh  someone me court-INC-IRR-3s

> At'a   sero  ghadza lodha s=FCve=20
> before 1sHGH die    like  poppy
Cul  ruzyn datay  runen.
like poppy before die-IRR-1s


IV
=20
> Xipu! Manxu.ri penera.r
> EXCL  plum.p   fall.PRS
Lhyp! Badin      gulynayt!
splat plum-nom-p fall-PRS-3p

> Sero  t'e.r.neno   berhasri perhnar
> 1sHGH have.PRS.DUR 16       winter.p
Ine iran raich ferhenan     chalenan
I   ten  six   winter-acc-p see-PERF-PRS-1s

> Ye  tauna ajim t'eheran.ma t'imti esero     u!
> and never man  court.FUT1  heart  POS.1sHGH EXCL
Ei, natay ni  razie i  vuria    na   bychesit.
Oh, never NEG youth me soul-acc NEGV demand-INC-FUT-3s

This gives quite a nice pile-up of negations; "never" as well as
those required by the subject and the verb.

The inceptive future is most often used for predictions.
=20
> Tima    k'ari     yetan t'an sero  ghadza
> because yesterday night GEN  1sHGH die
Havien    echain   hune   =20
night-loc previous because=20

> T'an gedel  cravain t'imti esero     reka
> GEN  lonely sorrow  heart  POS.1sHGH LOC
aldie      chanyes    vurie    ien    runenan
sorrow-ins lonely-ins soul-loc my-loc die-PRF-PRS-1s

I had to move the verb to the next line, because "to die of
something" in Valdyan is _<something-in-the-instrumental-case> runa_.

> P'a tajir  koloranma    sero
> ADH no-one imitate.FUT1 1sHGH
Ei, ni  nalea  i  na   bradeset
Oh, NEG nobody me NEGV copy-INC-IRR-3s

_Brada_ "to copy from an original", "to follow a model", "to
emulate": "let nobody start doing as I do"
=20
> Tima    sero  ghadza lodha choive
> because 1sHGH die    like  cornflower
cul  lasten nestyn hune    runan.
like flower eye    because die-PRS-1s

_Lasten nestyn_ "eye-flower", probably because of the colour, even
though nobody has eyes *that* colour.

=20
V
=20
> Ladna.r! P'a t'an wenta e.sero    gihatu
> people.p ADH GEN  story POS.1sHGH listen
Rastien!     Laysinan  inan   chyraye
people-voc-p story-acc my-acc listen.to-PRS-IMP-p

> P'a chuam at'a   tau.chuam.jinu
> ADH marry before NEG.marry.POT
Lonynaye              lonyna          datay  na.vereye
get.married-PRS-IMP-p get.married-INF before NEG.can-IRR-2p

> Tima    sero  laya      lodha manve
> Because 1sHGH beautiful like  cherry-blossom
Ine norenin      lastinin      hune    a.cunie
I   cherry-abl-p blossom-abl-p because EQ.beautiful

> Sero  lesha lodha perve
> 1sHGH fresh like  snowdrop
Ine crysei   lastein    a.rayen
I   snow-abl flower-abl EQ.fresh
=20
> Sero  xixi   lodha s=FCve
> 1sHGH tender like  poppy
Ine ruzeyn    a.mile
I   poppy-abl EQ.delicate

> Tarna sero  ghadza lodha choive!
> but   1sHGH die    like  cornflower
Ine so  cul  lasten nestyn runenan.
I   but like flower eye    die-PRF-PRS-1s

I kept all the instances of emphatic "I" to contrast it with the
"people" spoken to (in the vocative plural! never thought I'd have a
good reason to use that), and also because there's no copula in
Valdyan so the clauses need a focus (except the last one, which does
have a verb, but it sounds better with the _ine_.)

I can't do it any more poetically - I'm satisfied, for the moment,
that I could do it grammatically :-)

   Irina


            Varsinen an laynynay, saraz no arlet rastinay.
                     irina@rempt.xs4all.nl (myself)
     http://www.xs4all.nl/~bsarempt/irina/frontpage.html (English)
    http://www.xs4all.nl/~bsarempt/irina/backpage.html (Nederlands)