Creole.......
From: | Barry Garcia <barry_garcia@...> |
Date: | Friday, April 14, 2000, 3:30 |
Yeah I know, I said I wouldn't work on it 'till I had time, but I found I
had enough time for myself, so I whipped something up.
Anyway, remember, this is for fun. I dont intend to make this an official
part of the Saalangal universe, so I did whatever I wanted'. This is an
artlang of course, not a naturally evolved creole (i decided I didnt want
to do a pidgin and then try to figure it out from there).
I decided to go with Spanish for the majority of the lexicon. Some
particles from saalangal (like the place suffix, etc) are kept, and some
Saalangal words also.
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Orthographic changes to the Spanish words
Since this is my pet project, I decided I would represent the sounds
of this crole according to how I believe a Saalangal Creole speaker would
transliterate them from the native script (if I was making this a part of
the Saalangal universe, they would use their script, not the Latin
alphabet). So, the following changes are the ones I use to write it out:
- g is always hard. It never changes to /h/ in front of i or e. So, gui
becomes - gi, gue - ge
- gua becomes wa. So, guanaco - wanako
- h is used for the h sound, never g or j. With words like haber,
hablar, etc. they lose the h when written in this orthography:
aber, ablar
- j is not used, since it represents the h, and I use h to represent
the h sound.
- c is not used since it either represents /s/ or /k/. /k/ is used in
it's place.
- z is not used since it is pronounced as /s/ in standard Spanish (well
at least on this side of the globe).
- f becomes p: falar - palar, fuego - pwego
- ñ is represented by ny instead: niño - ninyo
- v becomes b (it already is pronounced that way anyway): vaca - baka
- rr is not rolled
- ll becomes y: llamar - yamar
- qui, and que become ki and ke
- x becomes s: mixtura - mistura, exclamación - esklamasyon
- io, ia, ie, becomes yo, ya, ye: exclamación - esklamasyon, hacia -
asya, cierto - syerto.
If i is accented, they remain as is: tendría - tendria
- y is never used like a vowel, always as in yo
- ue becomes we: huelga - welga
- güe, as in bilingüe becomes gwe: bilingüe - bilinggwe
- sc, as in fascinar becomes s: fascinar - pasinar
Here are a few words with the above changes applied:
conozco - konosko
maquillaje - makiyahe
maravilla - marabiya
lengua - lengwa
bien - byen
castellano - kasteyano
privado - pribado
fiesta - pyesta
fuerte - pwerte
veinte - beynte
Real Academia de la Lengua Español - Real Akademya de la Lenggwa Espanyol.
Wow, they look like Spanish loan words used in the Philippines :).
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Word order, Articles, and Plurals
Word order remains VSO, since Spanish already has a tendency to do
that, and Saalangal
already prefers that word order, especially in informal speech. SVO can be
used, but VSO is
preferred:
Spanish: Escribí una carta
Creole: Eskribyó yo el karta
The system for articles is different form Spanish (obviously). Since
Saalangal only had one definite and one indefinite article, the masculine
articles "el", and "un" are the only ones to remain (I just like their
sound better than la and una).
As in Spanish, the plural is formed by adding -es, or -s to the end of a
noun (but not adjectives and adverbs). However, the plural articles have
not remained. The reason for this is, in Saalangal, a plural marker "biw"
is used. In essence, the -es and -s endings have taken that place:
Spanish - los arboles, unos arboles
Creole - el arboles, un arboles
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Verbs
Verbs are taken from the third person singular form. They are
conjugated only in the third
person singular.
Tense
Most of the tense forms are used. Saalangal does not have a
subjunctive
form for it's verbs, so it only uses the indicative forms. The imperfect
mood has also been dropped. The irregular forms have been kept (such as
the past participle ending).One thing the two languages have in common is
both have tenses (Saalangal doesnt have aspect, it has real tense).
Pronouns follow the verb
infinitive - eskribir
past - eskribyó
present - eskribe
future - eskribiré
conditional - eskribiría
imperative - eskribe
present participle - eskribyendo
past participle - eskrito
perfective - e eskrito
Reflexives
The reflexive is formed by placing the reflexive pronoun after the verb:
- Spanish: llamarse, me llamo
- Creole: yamarse, yama me
Questions
For questions, the word order doesnt change. Just a change in the
intonation of the voice suffices. Also, the question particle (ha) is
used to reinforce a question (usually a yes or no question):
Komyó tu ha ? - You ate?
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Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives and adverbs stay in the masculine form if it can end in -o or
-a in Spanish. Note that this does not mean this creole has gender. It
does not, which is why i'm going with the masculine ending (I also like
the sound of it better). The adjectives also do not change to plural with
a plural noun. The adjective comes before the noun, and is linked to the
noun with the 'na' linker. The articles go before the adjective also:
Spanish: las manzanas rojas
Creole: el roho na mansanas
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Anyway, that's what I have for right now. I'll probably think of more as
the night wears on, but, there you go, this is what happens when I find
out I do have enough free time on my hands :).