Re: 'and' clitic in Latin (-que) and Kalaallisut (-lu)

On Wednesday, April 14, 2004, at 05:14 PM, Henrik Theiling wrote:
[snip]

> meets c) and d) at the same time.  What about clauses?  Can they be
> combined with -que?  Or only 'et'.  Which of the following sentences
> are correct in Latin:
>
>   Brutus venit Caesarque vincit.
Correct.

>   Brutus venit Caesar vincitque.
Not correct. -que would AND Caesar and 'vincit' which doesn't make any
sense and is syntactic nonsense.

> Or is it only possibly if the head is first:
>   Brutus venit vincitque Caesar.
Possible - but unlikely. It would be read as "Brutus came & conquered"
till one met 'Brutus' and had to backtrack. Mirroring N + V: V + N is
known as chiasmus and is usually used to show contrast which is best done
without a connective (parataxis again :)

Thus, tho "Brutus venit vincitque Caesar." is theoretically possible,
"Brutus venit: vincit Caesar." would be more likely.

> Or maybe only:
>   Brutus venit et Caesar vincit.
Nope, not that's not the only possibility; you can have:
Brutus venit Caesarque vincit.
_or_
Brutus venit ac Caesar vincit.
_or_, if the "and" is emphatic ("and in fact...")
Brutus venit nec Caesar non vincit.   [A delightful negation of a negation!
]

AND
'et' connects single words, phrases or clauses connected in a fairly
general way;

'-que' connects single words, phrases or clauses which are closely
connected. With phrases or clauses it is normally appended to the first
word of the clause or phrase, whatever that word may be; the only common
exception is if the initial word is a _monosyllabic_ prepositon +
noun/pronoun, in which case there is a tendency to appending it to the
following noun/pronoun.

'atque' _or_ 'ac' also connects single words, phrases or clauses which are
closely connected (i.e. similar meaning to -que). 'atque' is found both
before words beginning with vowels and those beginning with consonants;
the shortened form, 'ac' is used almost exclusively before consonants
(except 'h').

AND....NOT (or other negative)
neque _or_ nec. The two seem to be indiscriminately before vowels or
consonants. If the negative in English would be something other than 'not'
, Latin will have that word expressed by a positive such as 'anyone',
'anything', 'ever' etc. thus:
and.... no one = nec... quisquam
and....no [adj.] = nec... ullus, nec ...ulla etc
and.... never = nec... umquam
etc.

But 'nec....non' = 'and not.....not' = 'and in fact....."    :)

Hope this helps

Ray
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