Re: "and"

On Sun, Aug 13, 2006 at 05:03:34PM +0100, Chris Bates wrote:
> In all your examples "and" is a conjunction, it's just joining
> different kinds of things together. And in English can be used to join
> together clauses, NPs, PPs and various other things, as long as it's
> joining together two things with the same basic function (you can't
> conjoin a clause and a PP for instance). In other languages, there may
> be different words all translated as "and" which are more specific in
> what they can join together.
In Tatari Faran, there is a distinction between nominal conjunction
(conjunction joining nouns) and verbal/clausal conjunction (conjunction
joining verbs or clauses).

The postclitic _ei_ [ej] is used for joining nouns, and is suffixed to
the conjoined noun, sorta like the Latin -que. For example:

	samat sa. - a man
	samat sa kiran sa ei. - a man and a youth.

	tiki sei. - a rabbit
	tiki sei misai si'ei. - a rabbit and a deer.
	(_si'ei_ = euphonic contraction of _sei_ + _ei_).

The conjunction _hena_ [hEna] is used for joining clauses:

	huu na hamra tiki kei aram, - I see a rabbit,
	tiki sei hena pamra papa. - and the rabbit runs away.

_hena_ appears after the subject NP in the conjoined clause, unless the
NP has been elided.

The distinction is not complete, however. The nominal conjunction _ei_
can also appear in adverbial position, in which case its meaning shifts
to "also":

	huu na hamra ei misai kei aram.
	I also see a deer.

On the other hand, _hena_ can never conjoin nouns.

In Ebisédian, nominal and verbal/clausal conjunctions are completely
distinct, and cannot be used interchangeably. The conjunction _zo_ [zo]
always joins nouns, and the conjunction _keve_ [kEBE] always joins
clauses.

<ObIPA>
Here's how you pronounce these sample sentences:

samat sa ['samat sa]
samat sa [,samat sa 'ki4an sa?ej]
tiki sei ['ti'ki sej]
tiki sei misai si'ei [,ti,ki sej 'misaj si?ej]

huu na hamra tiki kei aram ['hu:na ham4a 'ti'ki kej a4am]
tiki sei hena pamra papa ['ti'ki sej hEna . 'pam4a papa]

huu na hamra ei misai kei aram [,hu:na 'ham4a?ej 'misaj kej a4am]

The IPA primary stress mark ['] indicates high pitch, and the secondary
stress mark [,] indicates mid-high pitch. The pitch always drops to low
at the end of the sentence, especially on the complement.

I'm not sure how to indicate hiatus or short pause in IPA... there's
always an implied pause between the subject NP and the verb, and in the
6th example, the pause is especially prominent so I noted it with a [.].
</ObIPA>


T

--
Latin's a dead language, as dead as can be; it killed off all the
Romans, and now it's killing me! -- Schoolboy

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