Vocab exercise, year 2, #1 [Trentish]

From: "Aidan Grey" <grey@...>
>    The goal here is to get through Longman's dictionary of 2197+ words,
> which should be a good base for anyone.
@whee!  .. Eeek!
Er, from here on out <'> by itself is a glottal stop and after a consonant marks
an ejective.  I'm too lazy to go back and write /_>/ everywhere.

> Theme: topicalization (make the vocab word the topic or focus of the
> utterance).
>
> 1. crowd
<'lume-> "many together"

> There was a huge crowd in front of the building.
'lumeupa k'o'etla kwanwola potlikwixë.
"There were a great many people in front of the building"

?lu-me-u=pA       k'o?etKA   kwA-NwolA       po-tKi-kw-ixV
PL-AGG-people=TOP great:many before-building PERF-XER-be-1/3

The <me-> aggregate implies, not exactly crowdedness, but a group of things
together, as opposed to many things separately, which would use <el->.  So I
dont think a word for "crowd" particularly would be necessary.

Or, perhaps the English word would be borrowed.  It'd come out /khleUt/.  So you
could say:

Nguñathakhleùmpa kwanwola potlikwixë.

Nu-JAthA-khleUt=pa
very-big-"crowd"=TOP

(Yes, that's /t-p/ > [mp].)

> 2. lead
> She led her dog into the field.
<sop'one> "to lead"

Shatwopa luusje po'uusop'onixV.
"The dog was led towards the field by her."

SAtwo-pA lut-sje       po-?u:-sop'on-ixV
dog-TOP  towards-field PERF-PASS-lead-1/3

Actually, it might be better to do it this way:

Shatwopa luusje po'uucwuxë ty.
"She made the dog go towards the field."

SAtwo-pA lut-sje       po-?uu-cw-uxV      ty
dog=TOP  towards-field PERF-PASS-go-3B/3A CAUS

> Her dog was on a lead.
Liishpa shatwëxinòm poùùshanixë.

li:S-pA     SAtw-V-xin=Om    po-Uk-SAn-ixV
"leash"=TOP dog-POSS-3SG=NOM PERF-MID-have-1/3

> The pipes are made of lead.
<'wola> "Pb"

'wolapa 'lumephaipòm poùùxilixë.

?wolA=pA ?lu-me-phAip=Om po-Uk-xil-ixV
lead=TOP PL-AGG-pipe=NOM PERF-MID-make:of-1/3

> 3. ready
> He's ready to go now.
<ùk'ëlo> "to prepare"

Poùkùk'ëlikë, icwexini olo.
"He has prepared, that he may go now"

po-Uk-Uk'Vl-ixV      i-cwe-xini olo
PERF-MID-prepare-1/3 FIC-go-3   now

> 4. slow
> Snails are slow.
<thini> "slow"

'lelt'shasëlëlpa 'othinkwixë.

?l-el-t'SAsVlVl=pA ?o-thin-kw-ixV
PL-SEP-snail=TOP   POS-slow-be-1/3

> He runs slowly, and I bet he won't win the race.
E'othinipa tlilixë, ëlenge twolak'ashewinixë it'uwu.

e-?o-thini-pA      tKi-l-ixV
INST-POS-slow=TOP  XERG-run-1/3

VleNe     two-lA-k'ASe-win-ixV     i-t'uwu
therefore PROB-run-event-"win"-1/3 NEG-think

> 5. rent
> I have to pay rent on the 5th of every month.
Er, isn't rent normally a verb?  :p  (<not'ëë> in Trentish)

Ñësjëinotënot'ëëpa ële twaë thapwunwunwa tlithökhiliñ lonò.

JVsj-V-notV-not'VV=pA     Vle   twAV thapwu-NwuNwA
price-POSS-NMLZR-rent=TOP month each five-day

tKi-th2-khil-iJ   lonO
XERG-ITER-pay-1/1 must

> 6. popularity
> This was just a popularity contest.
<'oñje> "fame"

'oñjeshüshüpa kòm potlikwixë.

?oJje-Sy-Sy-pA      k-Om         po-tKi-kw-ixV
fame-NMLZR-test=TOP this:INF-NOM PERF-XER-be-1/3

(<kë> is a demonstrative that already has a sort of "I don't think too much of
this" built in, as opposed to the more neutral <öt'>.)

> 7. -ion
> two parts here: first, how are verbal nouns formed?
>    act > action, move > motion, see > vision.
Reduplication.
<kwë> "be, do"
<kwëkwë> "being, doing"

<cwë> "move, come, go"
<cwëcwë> "motion, moving"

<ñony> "see"
<ñonyñony> "sight, vision, seeing"

> second, the sentence:
>    His action was hasty.
Kwëkwëxinipa mosa'lulakwixë.

kwV-kw-V-xini=pA      mosA-?lulA-kw-ixV
NMLZR-do-POSS-3SG=TOP too-fast-be-1/3

> 8. addition
> Even the addition of an extra student increased class sizes beyond
> tolerable limits.
*brain explodes*

Këëphli'lishiuk'ëëngoñixë!!
Xishe t'otle ko'etla khlaspa i'uuk'ëëngoñixë!

("They just go and add another student!!  Just one is too much to add to the
class!")

kV?-phli-?liSi-u-k'VVNoJ-ixV
DEROG-LIB-study-person-add-1/3

xiSe t'otKe ko?etKA  khlas-pa    i-?uu-k'VVNoJ-ixV
one  only   too:much "class"=TOP FICT-PASS-increase-1/3

> 9. hat
> Today is a say-something hat day!
Önnwunwa khu?lelshashaxatë.

2t'-NwuNwA   khu-?l-el-SA-SA-xAtV
this-day=TOP for-PL-SEP-NMLZR-say-"hat"

> 10. pack
> I need to pack for my trip.
'lumeshejëñypa khukhepwëñy ?uùk'ëlixë lonò.
"I need my things for my trip prepared."

?lu-me-Sej-V-Jy-pA        khu-khepw-V-Jy    ?uu-Uk'Vl-ixV    lonO
PL-AGG-thing-POSS-1SG=TOP for-trip-POSS-1SG PASS-prepare-1/3 must

> The pack she wore on the trip was way too heavy.
Thathaepa khukhepwu po'uuthakixë, pomosanemokhekwixë.

thAthAe=pA khu-khepwu po-?uu-thAk-ixV
pack=TOP   for-trip   PERF-PASS-wear-1/3

po-mosA-nemokhe-kw-ixV
PERF-too-heavy-be-1/3



...well, that was mildly painful.  :-)

    *Muke!
--
http://www.frath.net/