Re: "Abilitative" aspect?

Mau writes:

>Ian Maxwell írta:
>
>  > Specicifically, I'm conceiving of an aspect that marks having the
>>  ability to do something. So, it would turn "to run" into "to be able to
>>  run". There could also be a seperate aspect for being allowed to do
>>  something, so that it would become "to be allowed to run". And, while
>>  we're at it, there could be one for willingness ("to be willing to run").
>>
>>  Does anyone know of an existing language (conlangs included) that marks
>>  any of these? If not, I nominate the terms abilitative, permissive,
>>  and... um, I don't know. Any suggestions for the third?
>>
>Well I think Hungarian has something like the first and the second
>one. The affix -hat/-het is used to express ability.
>For example: tesz "(he/she/it) does" vs. tehet "(he/she/it) is able
>to do" or "can do" or "(he/she/it) is allowed to do"
Well, since Hungarian and Japanese are related...:)

Japanese marks ability within the verb:

nomu "drink" --> nomeru "be able to drink"
hanasu "speak" --> hanaseru "be able to speak"
iku "go" --> ikeru "be able to go"
etc.

Not willingness, but volition is also marked as a suffix to the
verbal stem, but the new form is technically considered an adjective:

nomitai "want to drink"
hanasitai "want to speak"
ikitai "want to go"
etc.

Causatives, passives, and causitive passives also are treated with
this kind of affixation. (Cf. Hungarian -gat/-get).

Obmylang: Géarthnuns does not do this. The auxiliary is marked for "voice":
active - unmarked
passive - ending in "t"
dative passive - ending in "k" (eg: "I was given the book.")
causative - ending in "n"
causative passive - ending in "b"
reflexive - ending in "s"
impersonal - ending in "v" (eg: "They say..."; "On dit...."; "Man sagt..."

Ability, permission, and volition are expressed by separate verbs.

Kou