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Re: Tense naming question

From:Javier BF <uaxuctum@...>
Date:Tuesday, March 2, 2004, 10:12
>I have recently modified the language I am currently working on to >include two different past tenses. One is for actions that started in >the past, but are still happening. The other for actions that started in >the past are are no longer happening. Is there a name for these >different tenses, and if not, does anyone have any good suggestions >and/or interesting examples of naturals languages that have the same >distinction?
In Spanish there are two such basic past tenses: "cantaba" (she sang/used to sing, maybe she's still singing now) vs. "cantó" (she sang, she's not singing now). This distinction applies equally to the durative tenses of the 'was ...ing' kind: "estaba cantando" (she was singing, maybe she's still singing now) vs. "estuvo cantando" (she was singing, she's not singing now). When applied to the compound tenses of the 'had ...ed' kind, you get: "había cantado (she had sung) vs. hubo cantado ([when/once] she had sung). The latter is used in contexts where another past action followed _right after_ the first had finished, e.g. "Salió del escenario una vez hubo cantado tres temas" (she left the stage right after she had sung three songs). Combining the 'had ...ed' and 'was ...ing' kinds, you get "había estado cantando" (she had been singing) vs. "hubo estado cantando" ([once] she had been singing), the latter appearing in a few rare contexts, such as "Una vez hubo estado cantando durante dos horas, decidió descansar la voz durante un rato" (once she had been singing for two hours, she decided to rest her voice for a while). In the subjunctive mood, only one basic past tense appears even though it features two alternative forms with the same meaning (cantara/cantase); this pair is not due to the merging of two forms with a previous distinction analogous to that of the indicative tenses, but from the evolution of the Latin forms into Spanish, that merged the pluperfect indicative (amaveram > amara) and subjunctive (amavissem > amase) forms into an imperfect subjunctive, the former form for this meaning (amarem > amare) being reused as future subjunctive which was lacking in Latin - the former use of the first forms (amaveram > amara) as pluperfect indicative is retained is some dialects along with the new standard use. Cheers, Javier