Re: "He opened the door and he (same referent) left the room"
From: | Carsten Becker <post@...> |
Date: | Sunday, June 27, 2004, 14:45 |
Cool. 8-) Lots better than doing the remainding homework due to tomorrow
(although it's Sunday afternoon ... but I didn't feel like doing
everything yesterday).
German has not the ability to mark the different he's. To avoid confusion,
you'd use names for the second and third he, just like in English.
Ayeri (current state, maybe I'm going to change its suffixes from the
bottom up) *has* the ability to assign variables to objects (3sg,
animate): iyà, iyè, iyì, iyò, iyù. This system is restricted to 5
he's/she's/it's, because there are only aeiou as vowels.
A bigger problem is what is focused, because Ayeri is a trigger
language. I'm emphasizing what is focused on in the quotations.
I have no words for "to sing" and "to dance", so I have to make them up:
maliao (to sing), tuyáo (to dance). "To speak/say/tell" is naráo,
"narano" means language.
´ (acute) is for long, e.g. -a + a- = -á-
` (grave) is for variables. This diacritic is only typographic.
^ (circumflex) is for ´ + `. It lengthens the vowel as well.
"Ang" is the agent marker. Before a verb it means the triggered argument
is the agent of the sentence: Trigger and the ending of the triggered
argument simply change places.
"Ma" is the "medium" past marker (neither remote nor near past).
"iyV" is the 3rd person animate pronoun
"nay" means "and"
> 1a. *He* sang and danced.
> 1b. *He* sang and then danced.
Ang mamalíyàin nay matuyaiyà.
Ang mamalíyàin nay matuyaiyà nuepang*.
*) I have no word for "after this; then", so I'm taking the word for
"back of" (also means behind, at/to the back of) and turn it into an
adjective/adverb which is marked for its head noun being the agent
(nu-).
> 2a. He1 sang and *he2* danced.
> 2b. He1 sang and then *he2* danced.
Mamalíyâng nay ang matuyaiyèin.
Mamalíyâng nay ang matuyaiyèin nuepang.
I'm keeping the iyà and iyè and introduce a new iyò for the one who
says. There is no word for "..., that" in Ayeri:
> 3a. *He1* said that he1 sang and he1 danced.
> 3b. *He1* said that he1 sang and then he1 danced.
Ang manaraiyàin, mamalíyâng nay matuyaiyâng.
Ang manaraiyàin, mamalíyâng nay matuyainyâng nuepang.
... or every verb triggered (-in) in the example above?!
> 4a. *He1* said that he1 sang and *he2* danced.
> 4b. *He1* said that he1 sang and then *he2* danced.
Ang manaraiyàin, mamalíyâng nay ang matuyaiyèang.
Ang manaraiyàin, mamalíyâng nay ang matuyaiyèang nuepang.
> 5a. *He1* said that he2 sang and *he1* danced.
> 5b. *He1* said that he2 sang and then *he1* danced.
Ang manaraiyàin, mamalíyâng nay ang matuyaiyàin.
Ang manaraiyàin, mamalíyâng nay ang matuyaiyàin nuepang.
> 6a. *He1* said that *he2* sang and he3 danced.
> 6b. *He1* said that he2 sang and then *he3* danced.
Ang manaraiyàin, ang mamalíyèin nay matuyaiyòang.
Ang manaraiyàin, mamalíyèang nay ang matuyaiyòin nuepang.
Of course, you could do this also with "himself", which is "sitangiyà"
when iyà refers to himself: e.g. 5a: Ang manaraiyàin, mamalíyâng nay ang
matuyáo sitangiyàin.
I hope the accents won't be destroyed by the Listserv software!
á is a-acute à is a-grave â is a-circumflex
é is e-acute è is e-grave ê is e-circumflex
í is i-acute ì is i-grave î is i-circumflex
ó is o-acute ò is o-grave ô is o-circumflex
ú is u-acute ù is u-grave û is u-circumflex
-- Carsten Becker