Re: going without "without"

>Subject:      Re: going without "without"
>Adam Parrish wrote:
>> On Mon, 16 Aug 1999, Jim Grossmann wrote:
>> > 1.    Could you use an adverbial construction:    The woman walks stickless?
>> > This might be more awkward with heavy noun phrases, but this obstacle is not
>> > insurmountable.
>>
>>         Oooooh, wow, I like this.  Mind if I borrow (steal) it for
>> Kusthu"?  It'd go a little something like this:
>>
>>         tvoseth ku"ns ty gvecintetho kho"th.
>>         tvos-eth ku"ns ty  gve-cint-eth-o    kho"th
>>         old-PP   woman NOM LACK-stick-PP-ADV walk
>>         The old woman walks sticklessly.
>
>This is a great suggestion, but I don't think it would work for
>Tokana, since it doesn't really fit with the character of the
>language.  Also, whatever strategy I adopt will have to work
>for clausal adjuncts as well as nominal ones.  "She left without
>saying goodbye", for example.  "She left saying-goodbye-less-ly"
>is a tad too polysynthetic for my tastes...
----------------------------------------------------------
Matt's example is interesting to me from the point of view of
what I will call DeLancy-Nilenga for want of a better name; it's the
reductionist grammar where every verb is a move or a location, modified
by adverbial constructions. I'm still exploring this hypothesis, which I
set out in detail in a previous "case,almost allnoun, ngl" post.


"She left without saying goodbye"

DeLancy-Nilenga:

Zad pasli; si no tokoek leh.
She-past move-away same-time not having said-ADV goodbye.

Substituting <tokoad> for <tokoek> it reads:
She-past move-away same-time not said-ly goodbye.
Substituting <tokoem> for <tokoek> it reads:
She-past move-away same-time not saying-ly goodbye.

Omitting the implicit "simultaneously" as in ENglish:

Zad pasli no tokoek leh. 1,2,1,2,1. (If oe is an umlaut:))
She-past move-away not sayingly goodbye.
She left without saying goodbye. 1,1,2,2,2.

I think it is the nilenga part-of-speech tagged participles that
make this example nearly as unpolysynthetic as English.

"The old woman walks sticklessly"
Ku vaksiya pasoem pas no vuroem.
The old one footly moves not stickly.

From the Nilenga Infinitive/Participle grammar:
Adverbial participles; participles used as adverbs, are:

stem-oem::- declares a Present Participle, -ing, -ando,-iendo.
stem-oad::- declares a Past Participle, -ed, en, ..-ado..-ido,.
stem-oek::- declares a Perfect Participle, having <verb>-ed...

Jerry   jlkatnetcomdotcom