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Re: Kinds of Negation

From:Costentin Cornomorus <elemtilas@...>
Date:Monday, October 13, 2003, 12:44
--- "H. S. Teoh" <hsteoh@...> wrote:

> I don't know how natural it is, but Ebisedian > has 3 types of negatives (explained below). > > > A) indicating the boolean negation of the > > entire clause > > B) indicating the negative of a set of > > entities i.e. whatever isn't in the named > > set. > > Ebisedian uses the nullar number for (B), and a > negation particle for (A). > The nullar number simply indicates the absence > of a noun; while the > negation particles negate the sentence.
Kerno has a similar division, though "ne" is involved with both.
> Examples: > 1) mw'p3z3d3 juli'r. "There is no man in the > house." > man(nul) house(loc) > > 2) my'e p33'z3d3 juli'r. "It is not true that > the man is in the house. " > NEG man(cvy) house(loc)
Are mw and my are the negations? In K.: 1) Ysta nenom 'nâ domme. "Noman is home." 2) N' ysta pass 'nâ domme il om. "Not at home is the man."
> There is a third type of "negative" which > indicates opposition, rather > than absence. It's not strictly on par with the > above two negatives, but > Ebisedian does distinguish between "X is not > true" and "not-X is true".
K. has a- and ni- to indicate opposition in this way: amath = evil [a- + math, good]; nigouisiboel = invisible. Mind you, ni- also means "up from below", so nitener doesn't mean "to not hold". Rather, it means "to support".
> For example, if somebody claimed "all dogs are > white", you could respond > in one of the following ways: > - _ji'e_ (yes, all dogs are white) > - _my'e_ (no, some dogs aren't white---negation > of universal quantifier) > - _khe'e_ (no, no dogs are white---universal > quantifier on negation of the > statement)
Very succinct. The K. answer would be "Ke domdeckis!?" = What did you say!? To follow the scheme given, you'd most likely encounter: Si (yes) or Sey (ya), vlanck y thot lor gon. Ouel (well), vlanck y nuis, ces alch chon. Mirá (look here), n' vlanck puiyn y nechon. Translations: Yep, white (are) all the dogs. Well, white (are) some, some dogs. Now look here, (there are) no white at all dogs. Double negatives don't cancel; like in English, they intensify. Adding ne- to cy in the last sentence intensifies the idea of "not at all". Sort of like "ain't no white dogs nohow!" Padraic. ===== - Nos côsez yen fin xristianós et trancouil - Côsez-el a Ddon! -- Ill Bethisad -- <http://www.geocities.com/elemtilas/ill_bethisad> Come visit The World! -- <http://www.geocities.com/hawessos/> .

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H. S. Teoh <hsteoh@...>