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Re: Sakardido

From:Nik Taylor <fortytwo@...>
Date:Thursday, October 7, 1999, 1:31
"R. Nierse" wrote:
> 1a waz wu-quc the boy walks > 1b gogo yu-quc the girl walks > 1c it bu-quc the horse walks
quc = walk wu- = masculine (present?) yu- = feminine (present?) bu- = non-human (present?)
> 2a waz-ba duwa-quc the boys walk > 2b gogo-bo duwa-quc the girls walk > 2c it-bi ruwa-quc the horses walk
duwa- = human plural (present?) ruwa- = non-human plural (present?) -bV = plural, vowel harmony.
> 3a dun waz we-p'ec I see the boy > 3b dun gogo ye-p'ec I see the girl > 3c dun it be-p'ec I see the horse
du = I -n = ergative
> 4a dun waz-ba deya-p'ec I see the boys > 4b dun gogo-bo deya-p'ec I see the girls > 4c dun it-bi reya-p'ec I see the horses
p'ec = see we- = 1SingSubj/3SingMascObj ye- = 1SingSubj/3SingFemObj be- = 1SingSubj/3SingNonHumObj deya- = 1SingSubj/3PlHumObj reya- = 1SingSubj/3PlNonHumObj
> 5a waz-n gogo ye-p'ec the boy sees the girl > 5b gogo-n waz we-p'ec the girl sees the boy > 5c gogo-n du ye-p'ec the girl sees me
-n = Ergative ye- = 3SingMascSubj/3SingFemObj ye- = 3SingFemSubj/1SingObj we- = 3SingFemSubj/3SingMascObj Appears to be quite a bit of homophony
> 6a du wa-nac I (male) swim > 6b du ya-nac I (female) swim
wa- = I (male) ya- = I (female) nac = swim
> 7a te ba?a-nac we swim > 7b te badu-nac we both swim > 7c gogo-bo-n waz-ba dedu-p'ec the girls see the two boys > 7d waz-ba-n te dedu-p'ec the boys see us both
te = we ba?a- = we badu = we (dual) Maybe ba-?a and ba-du?
> (help: there are three verb roots: uqu, ep'e and ana. -c indicates time)
Well, I answered those without only the data given, but given that, there appears to be some infixes. Correction based on that data: w- = Masculine Absolutive y- = Feminine Absolutive b- = Non-human Absolutive -wa- = plural? d- = Human plural Abs r- = Non-human plural Abs Odd that there are two plurals. -ya- = 1SingHumErg -?a- = 1DualHumAbs -du- = DualAbs Can't figure out the b- in _ba?anac_ and _badunac_
> Q 2 > Study how in this language the actants are marked in the verb, and how > number. In answering this, make use of the symbols S (Subject of > intransitive verbs), A (agent of transitive verb) and O (patient of > transitive verb).
Obviously ergative, with marking for both absolutive and ergative, however, third person ergative seems to be a zero-marking
> Q 2b > Describe the class system of this language (pay attention to both singular > and plural forms)
Singular distinguishes between at least Human-Masculine, Human-Female, and Non-Human. No inanimate nouns appeared, so no way of knowing whether "Non-Human" is really "Animate"
> What is the function of the case ending -n?
Easy, ergative.
> How is number coded in the noun and how in the verb; also treat the formal > aspect; try in both cases to give a explanation of the distribution of the > allomorphs
Nouns distinguish singular and plural, verbs
> Q 3b > What are allophones?
How can the data given show allophones? Do you mean "allomorphs"? In that case, for plural -ba, -bi, -bo (by vowel harmony)
> Q 4a > Which grammatical category is indicated by the morpheme that is extra in > comparison to wuquc in 1a?
-lu = causative
> Translate 8b
The boys make me walk
> Q 4c > What are the consequences of adding -lu for the valency of respectively > intransitive and transitive verbs? (make use of the case endings too in > your explanation)
When added to intransitive verbs, the causer is placed in ergative, while causee remains absolutive, but when added to transitive verbs, the former absolutive is made dative. -- Oh Lord, grant that we may always be right, for thou knowest we will never change our mind. - Scots Prayer http://members.tripod.com/~Nik_Taylor/X-Files/ http://members.tripod.com/~Nik_Taylor/Books.html ICQ: 18656696 AIM Screen-Name: NikTailor