Eastern Update
From: | Nik Taylor <fortytwo@...> |
Date: | Wednesday, June 9, 1999, 9:18 |
Eastern has found it's basic form. Altho there may still be some room
for changes, here's what I have so far:
Orthography
Pre-stress and stress (oral)
i =3D /i/
=E8 =3D /e/ (stressed /e/ =3D =EA)
ey =3D /ej/
e =3D /E/
u =3D /u/
=F2 =3D /o/
ow =3D /ow/
o =3D /O/
a =3D /A/
@ =3D /@/
Nasalized varients (indicated by a following <n> word-finally or before
a non-glide consonant)
i, =E8 =3D /e~/
e, a, o, @ =3D /A~/
u, =F2 =3D /o~/
Post-stress, all =3D /@/ or /A~/
Consonants
As in IPA: p, t, k, b, d, g, f, s, v, z, ts, dz, pf, dz, m, n, w
y =3D /j/
r =3D /r\/
Also, w, r, y have voiceless allophones, following voiceless consonants
Syllable constraints
(fric)(C)(r, v, f, w, y)V(r)(C)(fric)
Note: rCV does not occur, where this once occurred, the r and the C
switched places, creating CrV, thus *arka is impossible, but arkta is
possible. Word-final /@/ tends to be avoided, by swapping it and the
previous consonant, thus *=E1kta (/Ak.t@/) becomes =E1kat (/A.k@t/). Thi=
s
can occur with anything except <r>, /@r/ does not occur.
Nouns
Gender-suffixes
1: -te
2: -na
3: -tre
4: -(a)
5: -pi
(all these vowels are pronounced /@/)
Gender 4, the -a only shows up when needed
Case-suffixes
Singular:
Nom: --
Acc: -ra (minus vowel of gender-suffix, thus -pra for 5)
Genetive/Locative: -kf
Dative: -ks
Benefactive: -ns
Instrumental: -ran (minus vowel of gender-suffix)
Ablative: -t
Allative: -s
Exloc: -dz
Plural (1-3/4-5)
Nom: -n/-f
Acc: -ndra/-fra
Gen/Loc: -nkf/-fkaf
Dative: -nks/fkaz
Benefactive: -nns/-fnas
Instrumental: -ndran/-fran
Ablative: -nt/-fat (-fat drops vowel of gender-suffix)
Allative: -ns/-fs
Exloc: -ndz/-fts
Verbs
Transitive: Su-
Ditransitive: Pa-
Reflexive: ku-
Reciprocative: ke-
If: ve-
Contrafactual: g(@)-
Then: (o)s-
Imperative: te-
Personal endings are fused with aspect (inchoative/habitual),
distinguishing singular and plural only (no dual or paucal), and
inclusive/exclusive in first person, and animate/inanimate in 3rd
person. There are four sets of endings, vowel-stems, consonant-stems,
-r stems with final stress, -r stems w/o final stress
Auxiliaries
The following auxiliaries are known
Past: fr=E9
Future (m@)p=EAz
Perfect: r=EA
Prospective: r=E1m
Cessative: riv=F3wd
Inceptive: rif=F3wk
Word order is pretty free, except that the verb is always second.=20
Modifiers *usually* follow their head, but not always, both "men old"
and "old men" are legal, but the first is more common.
--=20
Happy that Nation, - fortunate that age, whose history is not diverting
-- Benjamin Franklin
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