Re: List of natlangs

Hey all

Well, it looks like I'm going to be taking an unexpected three-month visit =
to
the US, so I won't be here to maintain the natlang list -- we need a volunt=
eer
to take over; Carlos?
The list is still incomplete, and really the blank entries I've typed in ar=
e
just suggestions; the ideal list would have not just countries and language=
s,
but even major cities, ethnic groups etc. so that it would be easy to
translate any important foreign name into a conlang.  But this will have to
do for now :)

Questions:
  what would you say is the "correct" British pronunciation of
 "England" -- ['INg.land], ['INg.l@nd], or ['Ing.lend]?
=20
 Ferke, is "boarisch" pronounced ['bo.ar.iS] or ['bo.ar.IS] ?  You might wa=
nt
 to OK my completion of the Icelandic vowels as well.
=20
=20
And now the list;  I'll be here for five more days before I'm off to
California, so you can still send corrections and such my way for the next
couple of days, then I'll post the list again before I go.  --JJS





Adele:
  in Adele: Gidire [...]
  person: Bidire [...]


Afrikaans:
  Country: Suid-Afrika (in Dutch: Zuid-Afrika)
  Language: Afrikaans
  Person: Afrikaaner

Akan:


Akha:


Akkadian:


Albania:
  Albanian, Gheg:
  Albanian, Tosk:
    Country: Shqipe:ria
    Language: shqip
    Person: shqiptar


Alemannic:
  in German: Alemannisch [Al.E'mAn.iS]
  Allemannisch, together with Boarisch, Plautdietsch, Saechsich,=20
    Letzebuergesch and Koelsch, are not merely dialects; they are separate=
=20
    languages.  Very closely related in some cases, but separate langs=20
    nevertheless.
 =20
 =20
Amharic:


Andorra (Principat d'Andorra):
  languages:
    Catalan-Valencian-Balear:
      lang: ... [...]
      adj: ... [...]
      spoken in:
        Andorra (31,000; 61% of population)
        other countries (4,353,000 or more speakers)
          Spain
          France
          Italy
          USA
          Latin America
          western Europe
          Algeria
    -->French
    -->Spanish (Castilian)


Arabic:


Armenia:
  Country: Hayastan


Assamiese:


Austria:
  in German:  =D6sterreich ['Wst.Er.rAjx]
  national language is -->German.
  other languages:
    Allemannisch:
      Country: Eisterraisch ['Ajst.Er.rAjS]


Awadhi:


Azerbaijani:


Belarus:


Basque:=20
  Country: Euskadi (stress on ultimate syl)
  Language: Euskara/Euskera
  Person: Euskaldun


Belarus:
  Country: Belarus
  Language: belarusskiy yazyk
  Adjective: belarusskiy


Bengali:


Bhojpuri:


Bulgarian:
  Country: B'lgariya (' =3D schwa)
  Adjective: b'lgarski


Burme
  Country: Myanmase:


Cebuano:


Chhattisgarhi:


China:
  Country: chung kuo (?) chung guo [is this Mandarin?]


Chinese:
  see -->Mandarin
      -->Wu
      -->Yue
      -->Min Nan
      -->Jinyu
      -->Xiang
      -->Hakka
      -->Min Bei


Croatian:=20
  Country: Hrvatska
  Adjective: hrvatski
  Person: (m) hrvat; (f) hrvatka (?)


Czech:
  Country:  C^eska Republika (^ =3D Hachek)
  Adjective: c^esky' (' =3D acute)


Danish:
  national language of -->Denmark
  in Danish: dansk [d&nsk]
  adj: dansk [d&nsk]
  person from Denmark (i.e. Dane): danskere ['d&n.sgO]
  *note that Danes don't capitalize these terms.


Deccan:


Denmark:
  national language is -->Danish
  in Danish: Danmark ['d&n.mark]

Dutch:


England:
  in English: England ['INg.land]
  adj, person: English ['INg.liS]

English:
  widely spoken language originating in -->England
  in English: English :-) ['iNg.lIS]
  adj.: English ['iNg.liS]
 =20

Farsi:


Finnish:
  (see -->Finland)


Finland: Suomi ['suo.mi]
  Finnish (adjective/language/person): suomalainen ['suo.mA.lAi.nen]

  The "S"s are pretty heavily labialized, and the "L" is the "dark"
  variety.


France:
  in French: France [frAs] (with nasalized /A/)
  adj.: fran=E7ais [frA'se] (with nasalized /A/)


French:
  language spoken in -->France and other European countries, Africa, etc.
  in French: fran=E7ais [frA'se] (with nasalized /A/)
  adj.: fran=E7ais [frA'se] (with nasalized /A/)
      (fem. form is fran=E7aise [frA'sEz] (with nazalized /A/)


Gan:


German:
  national language of Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein
  in German: Deutsch [dojtS]
  Dialects:
    Bavarian:
      High German for Bavaria: Bayern ['bAj.Ern]
      lang: Bayrisch ['bAj.riS] or Bayerisch ['bAj.Er.iS]
      adj.: bayrisch ['bAj.riS] or bayerisch ['bAj.Er.iS]
      adj./lang in Bavarian: boarisch ['bo.ar.iS] (?)


Germany:
  national langauge --> German
  in German: Deutschland ['dojtS.lant] (final /d/ as an unaspirated [t])
  adj., person: deutsch [dojtS]


Greek:
  Country: Ellas
  Language: ellinikai
 =20
  greece: 'ella'da
  person:
    male: 'e'llEnas, 'e'llEn
    female: 'ellEni'da, 'ellEni's
  lang, adj: 'ellEniko's

  I have used roman equivalents of greek letters E-is eta: historically lon=
g
  e, but now pronounced as i (AFAIR)
  '- historical breathing, not changes pronountiation in modern greek
  a'-stressed a
  o'-stressed 0
  e'-stressed e


Gujarati:


Hakka:


Haryanvi:


Hausa:


Hiligaynon:


Hindi:
  language spoken primarily in India
  in Hindi: Hindi ['hInd.i]
  person: Hindustani [hIn.du'stA.ni]
 =20

Hungarian: magyar (gy =3D palatalised d)
  Country: Magyarorsz=E1g (=E1 =3D long, open a)
  Language, Person: magyar


Iceland:
  in Icelandic: =CDsland ['is.lant] (soft final [t])
  person from Iceland: =CDslendingur ['is.lEnd.IN.ur] (not sure about stres=
s)
  adj.: =EDslensk ['is.lEnsk]
 =20
  Stress in Icelandic is always on the first syllable, with secondary=20
  stress on 3rd, 5th, etc. syllables.

 =20
 =20
Icelandic:
  spoken in -->Iceland
  in Icelandic: =CDslenska ['is.leN.ska]
  adj.: =EDslensk ['is.lensk]
  Icelandic vowels:
    a  =3D [A], [a]
    e  =3D [E]
    i  =3D [I]
    o  =3D [o]
    u  =3D [u] -- "the /u/ is an IPA o with a  line thru it"
    o' =3D [ou]
    a' =3D [au]
    u' =3D [long u] (as opposed to long o-linethru)
    e' =3D [je]


Igbo:


Ilocano:


Indonesian:


Ireland:
  ireland: e'ire(e:ri)
  person: e'ireannach (e:r@n@x)
  lang: gaeilge (gelin') - n' - palatalised n
  (AFAIK writing and pronountiation may be different in different dialects =
-
  I wrote it in _an mhumhain_ - munster?? dialect)


Italian:
  Country: Italia [i'ta.li.a] (pronounciation unsure)
  Language/Adjective/Person: Italiano [i.ta.li'a.no] (pronounciation unsure=
)


Japan (lang: Japanese, adj: Japanese, nat: Japanese)
  Country: Nihon ([ni.hOn])
  Language: Nihongo ([ni.hON.go])
  Adjective: Nihon no (?) ([ni.hOn no])
  Nationality: Nihonjin (ni.hOn.dZin])
    I'm not entirely sure on the syllable-final n's/
 =20
  Nippon [nip'pOn] is an alternate (more formal?) form. "Nihon no" is not
  technically an adjective AFAIK but the equivalent of "of Japan." The
  first three are accented on the second syllable, not sure about
  "nihonjin". "Nihongo" can also be pronounced (in the Tokyo dialect)
  [ni'hON.No].


Javanese:


Jinyu:


Kannada:


Kazakh:
  Country: Qazaqstan


Khmer:
  Country: Kampuch=E9a


Korean:


Kurmanji:


Lombard:


Macedonian:
  Country: Makedonia
  Language: makedonski ezik


Madura:


Magahi:


Maithili:


Malay:


Mandarin:
  Language: han/y=FC<  (< =3D falling-rising tone, / =3D rising tone)
  Country: zhonguo


Marathi:


Min Bei:


Min Nan:


Napoletano-Calabrese:


Nepali:

New Zealand:
  in English: New Zealand [nju zi:l'nd]
    adj: New Zealand (for nationality not language)
    person: New Zealander [nju zi:l'nd']

  in Maori: Aotearoa or Niu Tireni
    adj: Ingarihi (English), Maaori (Maori)
    person: Paakekaa (of European descent), Maaori (of Maori descent)
    (In Maori a doubled vowel marks lengthening, more commonly written, wit=
h
    a macron)


Norway:
  national language: -->Norwegian
  in Norwegian: Norge ['nor.jE] or Noreg ['nor.Eg]
    'Norge' is bokm=E5l, 'Noreg' is nynorsk, both are valid.


Norwegian:
  spoken in -->Norway
  in Norwegian: Norsk [norsk]
  adj: norsk [norsk]


Oriya:


Oromo:


Panjabi:
  Eastern Panjabi:
  Western Panjabi:


Pashto:


Philippines:
   country name:
      -"Republika ng Pilipinas" [re'pu:blika naN pili'pi:nas].
      -Commonly called "Pilipinas" [pili'pi:nas]

   national language:
      -"Pilipino" [pili'pi:noh] - based on "Tagalog"
      [ta'ga:log], the language spoken in and around Manila
      (locally called "Maynila" [maj'ni:lah]).

   a Filipino (anyone from the Philippines regardless of mother-
   tongue):
      -"Pilipino" [Pilipi:noh].
      -Colloquially this is "Pinoy" [pi'noj].
      -Both of the above terms are also used as adjectives.

   a native Tagalog-speaker:
      "Tagalog" [ta'ga:log], apparently a contraction of "taga
      ilog" [taga'?i:log] meaning 'dweller from the river' or
      'river-dweller'.

   a Tagalog from Manila:
      -"Tagamaynila" [tagamaj'ni:lah].
      -"Maynila" [maj'ni:lah] is apparently a contraction of "may
      nilad" [maj 'ni:lad] meaning 'there are nilad flowers', thus
      "tagamaynila" originally meant a 'dweller from the place
      with nilad flowers'.


Poland: Polska ['pOl.ska]
  Polish (adjective/language): polski ['pOl.ski]
  Polish person: (m.) polak ['pOl.ak], (f.) polka ['pOl.ka]
  lang/adj: polski (fem adj. polska, netutr. polskie)


Portugal (lang/adj/nat.: Portguese)
  Country: Portugal ([pOr.tu'gau]?)
      With several accents: (hard to say which one is the standard;
      the first one is what I beleive to be the Portugal's accent.)
        /purtu'gal/
        /pOhtu'gaw/
        /pohtu'gaw/
        /puhtu'gaw/
        /portu'gaw/
  Lang/Adj./Nat.: Portugue^s ([pOr.tu'ges]?)
        /purtu'gejZ/ <- no typo here
        /pOhtu'gejz/
        /pohtu'gejz/
        /puhtu'gejz/
        /portu'gejz/


Romani, Vlach:
  a Gypsy language
  ...


Romania:
  in Romanian: ... [...]
  in Macedo: ... [...]
  languages:
    -->Romanian
    -->Macedo


Romania (romInia):
  limba romana (limba romIna)

Russian:
  Country: Rossiya
  Language: Russkiy yazyk
  Adjective: russkiy

  country: ro'sija (in writing, but in reading rasija becouse of stress)
  adj: r'uskij(m), r'uskaja(f), ?r'uskoje(n)
  lang: r'uskij (jaz'yk) (stressed i)
  person: ?
  j is english y
  y is a vowel written by char similar to 'bI' and is something between i a=
nd
  e or i u i'm not shure
  ' before stressed syllabe


Rwanda:


Saraiki:


Serbian:
  Country: Srbija
  Adjective: srpski
  Person: (m) srbin; (f) srpkinja


Shona:


Sindhi:


Sinhala:


Somali:


Spain (lang: Spanish, adj.: Spanish, nat: Spaniard/Spanish
  Country: Espan~a ([Es'pa.Ja] - [J] =3D palatal nasal)
  Language/Adj/Nat.: espan~ol ([Es.pa'JOl]
    Espan~ola [Es.pa'JO.la] is feminine

Sunda:


Sweden:
  national language: --> Swedish
  in Swedish: Sverige ['sver.i.jE]


Swedish:
  national language of --> Sweden
  in Swedish: Svenska ['svEn'skA]


Switzerland:
  national languages:
    --> French (official language)
    --> German (official language)
    --> Italian (official language)
    --> Rhaeto-Romanish
  in French: Suisse [suis]
  in German: Schweiz [SvAjts]
  in Italian: Svizzera [svItzera] (I think...)
  in Rhaeto-Romanish: ... [...]
=20

Tagalog:


Tamil:


Tatar:


Telugu:


Thai:


Turkish:
  Country: T=FCrkiye Cumhuriyeti (dZumhurijeti)
  Language: t=FCrk=E7e (tyrktSe)


Ukranian:
  Country: Ukra=EFna
  Adjective: ukra=EFnskii


Uralic ethnonyms/adjectives:
  Mansi (Vogul): man's'i (' =3D acute; shows palatalisation)
  Khanty (Ostyak): xanti
  Karelian: karjalainen (adj), Country: Karjala
  Livonian: liiv=F5 (adj), raandali/liivli (person)
  Sami (Lappish): s=E1bmelas^ (person); s=E1pme (country); s=E1megiella (la=
ng)
  Olonets: anus (low back unrounded a)
  Ludian: lyydi(y =3D =FC)
  Mari (Cheremis): country: Mari-El

  (Non-Uralic ex-Soviet):
    Bashkir: country: Bashkortostan
    Tajik: To=E7ikiston (=E7 =3D tS)



Urdu:


Uyghur:


Uzbek:


Vietnamese:
  lang: tieng viet (with some diacritics...)
 =20
Votic: vad,d,aa (d, =3D d with a comma under it =3D Hungarian gy)
  Country: vad,d,amaa (aa =3D long a, as in father; a =3D same, but short)
  Person: vad,d,alain, vad,d,ako
  Language: vad,d,aa c^eeli (c^ =3D c-hachek)
=20
 =20
Wales:
  lang: Welsh & English, both official
  adj: Welsh
  nat: Welshman/Welshwoman
  Country: Cymru /'k^mr!/
  Language: Cymraeg /k^m'raeg/
  Adjective: Cymreig /'k^mr@ig/
  Nationality: Cymro /'k^mro/, Cymraes /k^m'raes/

  Note: ! is the 'barred i' or high, mid vowel similar to Russian bI in Nor=
th
  Wales - in South Wales it is simply [i].


Welsh:
  see -->Wales
 =20
 =20
Wu:


Xiang:


Yiddish:


Yoruba:


Yue:


Zhuang:


Zulu:



          =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3DPeople who helped make this list=
:=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
         =20
                       Josh Brandt-Young
                       Raymond A. Brown
                       Eric Christopherson
                       Oliver Cromm
                       Gustavo Eulalio
                       David Jacoby
                       Kristian Jensen
                       Josh Shinavier
                       Andrew Smith
                       Nik Taylor
                       Ferenc Gy. Valoczy
                       Lucasso
                       Taliesin