Thylean, continued
| From: | Oskar Gudlaugsson <hr_oskar@...> |
|---|
| Date: | Thursday, November 9, 2000, 1:51 |
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Continuing the epic story of the defenders of the Roman republic, Brutus,
Cicero, et al, now presenting the verb system of Latin-descended Thylean;
see the "YACL: Thylean (alternate-history)" thread from last week for
details. In the last post, I started with verbs, which I shall now try to
complete.
First some corrections:
'esse' (to be) is now conjugated
1.p. sou
2.p. es
3.p. es
in present indicative active singular, instead of old "su-es-es".
The following,
>fut inf
> amatusse monitusse reictusse auditusse captusse
[cut]
> 1st conj. 2nd conj. 3rd conj. 4th conj. mixed conj.
>
>Fut simple
>
>sing.
>
>1.p. amatussu monitussu reictussu auditussu captussu
>2.p. amatures
>3.p. amatures etc etc etc etc
[cut]
>Fut cont
>
>sing.
>
>1.p. amatuscu monituscu reictuscu audituscu captuscu
>2.p. amatusces
>3.p. amatusce etc etc etc etc
[cut]
is all to be discarded. Doesn't sound good. See below on how this will be
solved instead.
THE FUTURE AND PLUPERFECT TENSES
The old CL conjugations are retained, but reanalyzed for more simplicity.
The future perfect no longer exists in simple form, as it came to conflict
with the past subjunctives after various sound changes.
The future simple sic coniugatur,
1st conj. 2nd conj. 3rd conj. 4th conj. mixed conj.
sing.
1.p. amabu monibu regebu audibu capebu
2.p. amabes monibes regebes audibes capebes
3.p. amabe monibe regebe audibe capebe
pl.
1.p. amabemos monibemos regebemos audibemos capebemos
2.p. amabetes monibetes regebetes audibetes capebetes
3.p. amabon monibon regebon audibon capebon
NB
* the 3rd, 4th, and mixed conjugations have been completely reanalyzed to
match the -b- conj. of the first two.
* 'b' is pronounced [v], same as 'v'; the spelling is etymological.
* with the imperfect -b- and perfect -v- out of the way, the -b- morpheme
now only serves the future simple, making it more distinctive and stable.
The -b- infix yields a new future infinitive:
amabe monibe regebe audibe capebe
Which paves the way for a future continuous, using 'ducere',
amabe ducu = I will be loving
monibe ducu = I will be waiting
There is no trunkated version of this, as there is for past and present
continuous.
And the pluperfect,
1st conj. 2nd conj. 3rd conj. 4th conj. mixed conj.
sing.
1.p. amara monira reixera audira ceipra
2.p. amaras
3.p. amara etc etc etc etc
pl.
1.p. amaramos
2.p. amarates etc etc etc etc
3.p. amaran
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MODE
Thylean conserves present, perfect, and pluperfect subjunctives, as well as
inventing a future subjunctive.
Present subjunctive,
1st conj. 2nd conj. 3rd conj. 4th conj. mixed conj.
sing.
1.p. ame monia rega audia capia
2.p. amis monias regas audias capias
3.p. ame monia rega audia capia
pl.
1.p. amimos moniamos regamos audiamos capiamos
2.p. amites moniates regates audiates capiates
3.p. amen monian regan audian capian
Perfect subjunctive,
1st conj. 2nd conj. 3rd conj. 4th conj. mixed conj.
sing.
1.p. amare monire regere audire capre
2.p. amaris monires
3.p. amare monire etc etc etc
pl.
1.p. amarimos
2.p. amarites etc etc etc etc
3.p. amaren
NB: Basically the present infinitive + personal endings
Pluperfect subjunctive,
1st conj. 2nd conj. 3rd conj. 4th conj. mixed conj.
sing.
1.p. amasse monisse reixesse audisse ceipesse
2.p. amassis
3.p. amasse etc etc etc etc
pl.
1.p. amassimos
2.p. amassites etc etc etc etc
3.p. amassen
NB: Basically the perfect infinitive + personal endings
Future subjunctive,
1st conj. 2nd conj. 3rd conj. 4th conj. mixed conj.
sing.
1.p. amabe monibe regebe audibe capebe
2.p. amabis
3.p. amabe etc etc etc etc
pl.
1.p. amabimos
2.p. amabites etc etc etc etc
3.p. amaben
NB: Basically the future infinitive + personal endings
THE MIDDLE VOICE
Thylean conserves most of the old passive conjugation of CL, though with
some reanalyzes. The conjugation is now, however, more strictly middle
voice only. So, present indicative middle conjugates
1st conj. 2nd conj. 3rd conj. 4th conj. mixed conj.
sing.
1.p. amor monior regor audior capior
2.p. amares monires regeres audires capres
3.p. amator monitor regetor auditor capetor
pl.
1.p. amamor monimor regemor audimor capemor
2.p. amartes monirtes regertes audirtes capertes
3.p. amantor moniontor regontor audiontor capiontor
NB
* 2.p. pl. completely reanalyzed: old out-of-the-blue CL -mini ending
changed to -rtis > Th -rtes.
* as in other conjugations, the 2nd conjugation imitates the 4th in the
3.p. pl., with -ion(tor) instead of expected -en(tor).
The middle infinitive is still available:
pres
amari moniri regeri audiri capri
perf
amassi monissi reixessi audissi ceipessi
fut
amabi monibi regebi audibi capebi
being the same as the active infinitive, only with -i instead of -e, as in
CL.
The middle indicative future is pretty predictable:
1st conj. 2nd conj. 3rd conj. 4th conj. mixed conj.
sing.
1.p. amabor monibor regebor audibor capebor
2.p. amaberes moniberes
3.p. amabetor monibetor etc etc etc
pl.
1.p. amabemor
2.p. amabertes etc etc etc etc
3.p. amabontor
This leaves me with only perfect and pluperfect middles to go, along with
all subjunctive middles, to be completed in a later post.
THE GERUND
amando moniendo regendo audiendo capiendo
NB: The 2nd and 4th conjugations, as usually imitate each other.
The gerunds are declined like neuter nouns, sicut:
nom amando
acc amando
rel amandu
THE PARTICIPLES
pres
amans moniens regens audiens capiens
fut
amaturo monituro reicturo audituro capturo
The future participle is, as in CL, the supine + ur + neuter noun ending.
It declines as a neuter noun (see the gerund above).
The present participle sic declinatur:
nom amans
acc amante
rel amanti
Used pretty much like in CL. Note that although the CL nominative (of all
except 1st conj.) was -ens with /e:/, it remains /e/ in Th, not the
expected /i/. This is due to analogy with the gerund, as well as the
aperture of the following consonants. The /n/ is also retained through
analogy, as it was in CL (where /ns/ otherwise simplified to /s/).
Óskar