THEORY: questions

Hi, all! I'm writing a new and improved (I hope) grammar
of Drasel=E9q, and running into trouble when it comes to
rigorous linguistic terminology. So maybe you can help
me. Here are my questions:

1. What's the difference between 'root' and 'stem'?

2. How would you define 'determiner', 'demonstrative',
'deictic pronoun' and 'qualifier'? How are they different?

3. I have a class of words that are mostly adverbs in my mind, but
don't behave like those. They come at the end of sentences and
I thought 'I think those are discourse markers as we were talking
about in Conlang months ago!' but I'm not sure. What do you think
of this? Look at _tadh_:

        Tegem  tadh farfpainet.
        run.1s TADH NEG.reach.1s
        'I run, but I can't reach (it).'
*or*    'I run, however I can't reach (it).'
*or*    'Not mattering that I run, I can't reach (it).'

Is it a conjunction, or an adverb? And what do I do with this?:

        Tegem, farfpainet tadh.
        'I run -- I can't reach (it), though.'

I think *this* _tadh_ is a discourse marker, since it can't be a
conjunction, and it doesn't behave like an adverb (which always goes
before the verb -- God forbid it shifts to final position, since it
would destroy my grammatical structures!).

I'll probably have more questions later -- please bear with me. :-(


--Pablo Flores