Re: Phenomena

Very simple in Kash:  yale .... (phenomenon, noun):
    yale ripa it's raining (yalesa it was...., yaleto .... it will)
    yale lero it's sunny (or, it's daytime)
With modals/auxiliaries, _yale_ would be omitted:
    poro ripa it's going to rain; mende ripa it has rained (lit., already
rain).
Both ripa and lero can take the inchoative prefix, and mean (spec. for the
tropics) yuripa, yulero : 'the rainy/dry season is approaching( or beginning)'
There are also formations with the 'accidental' prefix caka- ~cak- ~ca-;
properly these forms are not conjugated (anim. subject in dative, neut. subj.
in nom.), but colloquially they may be:
    mile cakripa (micakripa) 'we got caught in the rain'
    aposini cashoteru 'his boat got caught in fog'
    ine cakalero 'he's had a sunstroke'
Caka- forms are the closest thing in Kash to a passive; the Engl. equivalent
(to get...ed) is sometimes called the "paranoid passive".  They all connote
sudden, unwanted, unpleasant, or excessive states (excess or lack of
self-control being a cultural negative, of course).  So in many cases, it
would be rude to use such a form directly to the person involved, unless a
deliberate insult/reprimand were intended.  It's quite amusing to play around
with this prefix; I suspect native speakers must find it quite useful.  A few
random examples:
    shindi 'to speak' - cakashindi 'to babble, ramble/natter on,
    kroca 'broken, not functioning (but repairable)'   - cakroca 'totally
kaput'
    ñoni 'try, test' - cakañoni 'quibble over details, nit-pick'
    leshe 'poor' - cakaleshe 'to lose a lot of money, go bankrupt'
    fup 'fart (n.)' - cakafup 'to fart'
Rare transitive forms have dative subj., genitive object/instrument, as in:
    sisa 'to love' - cakasisa 'smitten, besotted, obsessively in love'
example:
karumindisor-e cakasisa walis-i 'The Duke of Windsor was .... Wallis