Re: Adjectives, Particles, and This ( etc ), and Conjunctions...

Tommie L Powell  wrote:

>The Czechs have 7 demonstratives, all of which are perhaps best
>translated into English as "that". (Maybe they figure that, if
>something's close enough to touch, there's no need to indicate where it
>is, so there's no need for a word that means "this".)
>
>3 of the demonstratives (TEN, TENTO, TOTENTO) are for things in the near
>distance (spatially or psychologically) and 3 (TAM, TAMTO, TOTAMTO) are
>for more-distant things.
>
>TENTO isn't used unless TEN has already been used in the conversation to
>refer to another item of the same sort, TAMTO isn't used unless TAM has
>already been used in the conversation to refer to another item of the
>same sort, TOTENTO isn't used unless TEN and TENTO have already been used
>in the conversation to refer to other items of the same sort, and TOTAMTO
>isn't used unless TAM and TAMTO have already been used in the
>conversation to refer to other items of the same sort.
>
>So, in Czech, it's possible to differentiate among up to 6 items of the
>same sort (be they rocks or men or whatever) by just using those 6
>demonstratives.
>
>Their 7th demonstrative is TO, but no sense of distance is attached to it
>(and it isn't used for differentiating among items of the same sort).
It is interesting system of demonstratives, but sorry,
I must say that there is no such 6-way system in Czech language.
The real list of Czech pronouns and related adverbs:

"the": TEN (m.), TA (f.), TO (n.)
"this": TENTO (m.), TATO (f.), TOTO (n.); "here" TU, TADY, ZDE; "to here"
SEM
"that": TAMTEN (m.), TAMTA (f.), TAMTO (n.); "there": TAM; "to there" TAM
"yon": ONEN (m.), ONA (f.), ONO (n.); "yonder" ONDE; "to yonder" ONAM
"he": ON, "she" ONA (f.), "it" ONO (n.)
"thou": TY
"who": KDO, "what" CO; "where" KDE, "to where" KAM, "when" KDY
"nobody": NIKDO, "nothing" NIC; "nowhere" NIKDE, "to nowhere" NIKAM, "never"
NIKDY
"anybody": KDOKOLI, "anything" COKOLI; "anywhere" KDEKOLI, "to anywhere"
KAMKOLI, "any time" KDYKOLI
"somebody": NJEKDO, KDOSI, "something" NJECO, COSI; "somewhere" NJEKDE,
KDESI, "to somewhere" NJEKAM, KAMSI "sometimes" NJEKDY
(NJE- is probably from NEVJEM "I dont know")

ZDE and SEM (and "this day" DNES, "this year" LETOS) are remnants of the
original demonstrative root S- meaning "this".

The morpheme "see!" HLE! can be added:

TENHLE (m.), TAHLE (f.), TOHLE (n.)
"this" TENHLETEN (m.), TAHLETA (f.), TOHLETO (n.); "here" TUHLE, TADYHLE "to
here" SEMHLE
"that" TAMHLETEN (m.), TAMHLETA (f.), TAMHLETO (n.); "there": TAMHLE; "to
there" TAMHLE

        Pavel