Voices

while watching the tv news yesterday night God appeared to me in the form of=20
a gigantic golden flying vacuum-cleaner and assigned me to make an=20
international ial to replace aspirinto with the aim of urgently save the=20
world from c=E9line dion and michael jackson's lyrics. so i obeyed and here =
is=20
the result of my enlightened toil. it's a concentrate of the items i like=20
best in other conlangers' verbal systems. don't complain it's long and borin=
g=20
: you only idle reading it while i had to design it all.=20

this language is called "ihl" : "international hoaxilary language".
 =20
phonology :
a, b, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, ng-[N], o, p, r, s, sh-[S], t, u, v, w,=20
y, z, zh-[Z].

nouns and verbs derives from 3C roots (tlg, skr, mtz, etc.) inflected with V=
,=20
SV, [ng] and [h]. so all the vowels and w, y, ng and h you read below are=20
"filling" sounds having a specific function (houl=E0 ! here we go !).

verbal moods : volitive -w-, patientive -y-, and factive -h- :
ta-w-akun : to take
ta-y-akun : to receive
ta-h-akun : to get

voices : active -a-, passive -e-, resultative -i-, active factitive -u- (to=20
make oneelse do) and passive factitive -o- (to make oneelse be done).

examples :

kay-a-nud : to get opened (as a door)
kaw-u-nud : to open (a door)

tay-a-kun : to receive
tay-e-kun : to be transferred (taken/given) to
taw-o-kun : to give
tay-o-kun : to yield

kaw-a-lum : to write
kaw-i-lum : to be written

aspective :
verbs are resultative or completive by default whenever it makes sense. they=20
are optionally tagged as processive or temptative by doubling the first V=20
with a slight glottal stop ' :

la-wanun : to know > la-'a-wanun : to learn > la'awenun : to be learned >=20
la'awonun : to teach

reverse : m-a-wakur : to make > m-u-wakur : to undo.=20

deverbals :=20
kawal-u-m : to write=20
kawal-a-m : writer=20
kawal-i-m : writing instrument (pen, etc)=20

kayil-u-m : to be written=20
kayil-a-m : writ=20
kayil-i-m : script (written instrument)=20

kawalam kawalum yi-kayilam.
the writer writes a writ.

kayilam kayilum wa-kawalam.=20
the writ is written by the writer.=20

ka-a-lam : the place where one writes=20
ka-nga-lam : the time when one writes
=20
status : direct and partitive :

kayanuz : to open (the door opens) > kayanoz : to open (the house opens)
kayanaz : the opened (door) > kayanez : the opened (house)

payar-u-zh : to flower (the flower flowers) > payar-o-zh : to flower (the=20
tree flowers)
payar-a-zh : the flowering (flower) > payar-e-zh : the flowering (tree)

tayem-u-m : to be eaten (flesh is eaten) > tayem-o-m : to be eaten (the=20
animal is eaten)
tayem-a-m : the eaten (flesh) > tayem-e-m : the eaten (animal)

prepositions derive from verbs by suppressing all flections except for the V=
s=20
of the voice and the case :=20
mahanun he- : to be located by > m(ah)an(u)n (h)e- > manne : in, by, etc.=20
mayikur wa- : to be made by > m(ay)ik(u)r (w)a- > mikra : because (of)=20

and now the rest which is my own :

opposite :=20
m-a-halak : big > m-i-halak : small=20

reverse :
t-a-wabun : to go to
t-u-wabun : to go away

negative :
kawalum : to write > he-kawalum : do not write

equative :=20
tazar hi-kawalam=20
a man (tazar) who is (hi) a writer=20

possessive :
mayekil ha-kawalam=20
the house (mayekil) of the writer=20

attributive :=20
mayekil hu-kawalim=20
the house with pen(s)=20

subclause to a noun :

tazar mawakul ye-mayekil=20
a man (tazar) lives (mawakul) in a house (mayekil)=20

mayekil mayekul wa-tazar=20
a house (mayekil) is inhabited (mayekul) by a man (tazar)=20

mayekil a mayekul wa-tazar ang
a house which is inhabited by a man=20

mayekil a tazar mawakul ye-nga
a house (mayekil) which (a) a man (tazar) dwells in (mawakul) it (-nga)

subclause to a verb :

kanan lawanun ye-ng tanan mawakul ye-mayekil.
I (kanan) know (lawanun) that (-ng) he (tanan) lives in (mawakul) a house=20
(mayekil).

compounds :

mayekil a mayekul wa-tazar : a house inhabited by a man
mayek-il a-wa-tazar : a house (inhabited by) a man
mayek-li-wa-tazar : human dwelling=20

mathias