Re: "He opened the door and he (same referent) left the room"

On Saturday 26 Jun 2004 19:34, Trebor Jung wrote:

In Gevey "sing", "dance" and "say" are all motive verbs, but as none of the
clauses have direct objects the preposition ta' is prefixed to the verb
rather than the direct object.

ta'jolhen - to sing (for someone)
ta'vulen - to dance (for someone)
ta'meeven - to say (to someone)

ke, ko - he
(ke) onizhe - the first he
(ke) drasizhe - the second he
(ke) besizhe - the third he

al - and
edezd - at the same time
loyant - and then, and afterwards
iden - before

evd - introducing a known fact
ulgaarh - introducing an observation
tandrhis - introducing a belief
shashos - introducing an affirmation

> 1a. He sang and danced.
>
Normally for this sentence the two verbs will be linked with a coordinating
conjunction (which means the preposition only needs to be used once):
     ta'jolhate al vulate ke

To emphasise the simultaneity of the two actions, the dependent conjunction
edezd gets used:
    ta'jolhate ke edezde ta'vulote

Because the subjects of the two verbs is the same, the second clause can be
tethered to the first, with the status of the subject (in this case simple
animate, shown by the letter -e) appended to the conjunction and the
dependent clause taking the secondary conjugation (-ote instead of -ate)

> 1b. He sang and then danced.
>
Either
    ta'jolhate ke idene ta'vulote
Or
    ta'vulate ke loyante ta'jolhote

> 2a. He1 sang and he2 danced.
> 2b. He1 sang and then he2 danced.
>
Two possible approaches. If the singer is closer to the narrator than the
dancer, then we can use the external animate status (-o) for the singer and
the simple animate status (-e) for the dancer:
    ta'jolhato ko al ta'vulate ke
and vice versa if the positions are reversed:
    ta'jolhate ke al ta'vulato ko

But if proximity is not important, then the typical Gevey speaker will resort
to numbers in place of the preposition:
    ta'jolhate onizhe al ta'vulate drasizhe

"al" can be replaced with "edezd", "loyant" or "iden", though the clauses will
not be tethered as the verbs have different subjects:
    ta'jolhato ko edezd ta'vulate ke
    ta'jolhate ke iden ta'vulato ko
    ta'vulate drasizhe loyant ta'jolhate onizhe

> 3a. He1 said that he1 sang and he1 danced.
> 3b. He1 said that he1 sang and then he1 danced.
>
There's a number of conjunctions that can stand for "that" in this sentence,
depending on whether the speaker wishes to present the following info as
known fact, observation, belief, affirmation, etc.

    ta'meevate ke evde ta'jolhote al vulote.
    ta meevate ke evde ta'jolhote edezde ta'vulote
    ta meevate ke evde ta'jolhote idene ta'vulote
    ta'meevate ke evde ta'vulote loyante ta'jolhote

    ta'meevate ke ulgaarhe ta'jolhote al vulote.
    ta'meevate ke tandrhise ta'jolhote al vulote.
    ta'meevate ke shashose ta'jolhote al vulote.

> 4a. He1 said that he1 sang and he2 danced.
> 4b. He1 said that he1 sang and then he2 danced.
>
Combine examples 2 and 3. With three actions going on, the Gevey speaker is
more likely to revert to the numbers system, unless proximity is being
emphasised.
    ta'meevato ko evdo ta'jolhoto iden ta'volate ke
    ta'meevate onizhe evde ta'jolhote iden ta'volate drasizhe

> 5a. He1 said that he2 sang and he1 danced.
> 5b. He1 said that he2 sang and then he1 danced.
>
Similar to example 4.
    ta'meevato ko evd ta'jolhate ke iden ta'volato ko
    ta'meevate onizhe evde ta'volote loyant ta'jolhate drasizhe

> 6a. He1 said that he2 sang and he3 danced.
> 6b. He1 said that he2 sang and then he3 danced.
>
And this would be purely numbers:
    ta'meevate onizhe evd ta'jolhate drasizhe edezd ta'vulate besizhe

... unless the speaker was physically pointing towards each of the three
participants, in which case:
    ta'meevate ke evd ta'jolhate ke edezd ta'vulate ke.

An interesting exercise. Thanks!

Rik.