Lydian

Question marks note reconstructed forms.
Noun Declensions
alu- ‘priest’
                Sg Common       Pl Common
Nom.            alus            alvas
Acc.            alun            alvas
Dat-Loc.        alul            alvan, aln, alvaN1
Gen.            ?alusa2         alvaN
Abl.            alud/t          ?alud/t3
1 The Dative-Locative appears to be confused with the Genitive.
2 This form is derived from the adjectival form –assa, which replaced the
Genitive Singular in Late Hittite, Luwian, and Lycian. Perhaps the Lydians
prefered adjectives to genitive singulars?
3 Hittite had a distinct Ablative form in the singular only, so perhaps so
did Lydian.

Palatal case endings are used after I, e, and dental consonants. In Late
Lydian, the palatal forms dominate regardless of root termination (except in
the Ablative, apparently).
borli/forli- [POrlI] ‘year’
                Sg Common       Pl Common
Nom.            forlS           forlias
Acc.            forlN           forlias
Dat-Loc.        forlL           forlian, forlN, forliaN
Gen.            ?forlisa        forliaN
Abl.            forlid/t        ?forlid/t

qela- ‘area’; kLida ‘earth’; bLtarvo ‘property’; qira ‘belongings’
                Sg Neuter       Pl Neuter
Nom.            qelad/t         qelaa
Acc.            qelad/t         qelaa
Dat-Loc.        qelal           qelan, qeln, qelaN
Gen.            ?qelasa         qelaN
Abl.            qelad/t         ?qelad/t
Adjectives are declined in the same way as nouns.
Personal Pronouns
The personal pronouns are undeclined (rather surprisingly).
1s      amu
2s      ?tik, ?tuk
3sc     bis (“this, he”)
3sn     bid/t
1p      ?asaS
2p      ?Su(m)S
3pc     bisas (“these, they”)
3pn     bia
Pronominal Adjectives

e_nmi- ‘my’
Nom. Com. Sg.   e_nmiS
Acc. Com. Sg.   e_nmN
Acc. Neut. Sg.  e_nmL
Acc. Com. Pl.   e_nminaS
Acc. Neut. Pl.  e_nminaN

bili- ‘his, its’
Nom. Com. Sg.   bilis
Acc. Com. Sg.   bilN
Acc. Neut. Sg.  bilL
Acc. Com. Pl.   bilinaS
Acc. Neut. Pl.  bilinaN
sfe_n-/sfa_n ‘reflexive’
Nom. Com. Sg.   sfe_nS, sfa_nS
Acc. Com. Sg.   sfe_nN
Acc. Neut. Sg.  sfe_nL
Acc. Com. Pl.   ?sfe_nminaS
Acc. Neut. Pl.  ?sfe_nminaN

es- ‘this’
Nom. Com. Sg.           esis
Acc. Com. Sg.           esL
Acc. Neut. Sg.          ed, est < esd
Dat.-Loc. Com. Sg.      esL

ti- ‘that, this’
Nom. Com. Sg.           tiS
Acc. Com. Sg.           tN
Acc. Neut. Sg.          tid, tD
Dat.-Loc. Com. Sg.      tL

qi- ‘this’
Nom. Com. Sg.           qis, qys, qes
Acc. Com. Sg.           qN
Acc. Neut. Sg.          qid, qed
Dat.-Loc. Com. Sg.      qL
na_nqiS “whoever” –declined as qis
kot “how?” < ku%wat
kud “why?” < %kuwad
Verb
Katani ‘place, put’
Present Tense
1s      katani-f/v (after consonants); -f, -v (after vowels)
2s      katani-S
3s      katani-t/d/nt
1p      katanil-vN
2p      ?katanil-tN
3p      katanil-nt
Past Tense
1s      katanil- N/-idN/-iDN
2s      ?katanil-S
3s      katanil-l
1p      ?katanil-vN
2p      ?katanil-tN
3p      katanil-l
Participles
Present: ama_ns (loving), e_ntosrs (encircling), laLens (speaking)
Past: katani-l (having placed)
Infinitive
SaNvaStal ‘to possess’
katani uN‘to place’



"commune id vitium est, hic vivimus ambitiosa
paupertate"
"this is our common fault; here we live in ostentatious poverty"
Juvenal, Satires 3.182-3




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