Re: Active, Was: Help with grammar terms

Am 01/20 10:08  dirk elzinga yscrifef:

> Hmmm. Seems I've been scooped! I also have a PIE conlang,
> Shemspreg, which uses many of the same sources (the Dutch
> grammar must be the one by Robert Beeke; it's a very nice
> summary, IMO).
>
That sounds like it.  I knew if I described it somebody on this list
would know the book I was talking about.  Fortunately working from these
sources there is enough room to be creative.  Just look at the IElangs
that do exist.


> I can do that for a common Shemspreg verb:
>
> nem- 'take'
>         nemes 'takes, is taking'
>         enmi 'was taking'
>         nenmi 'took'
>         nement 'taking'
>         nenment 'taken'
>
I paradigmed three verbs last night then figured out I should add
another, kno:tun, because it used middle endings.  I'll just send one
for now and send a couple more later.

_bertun_, to carry.
(Vokhoman has an infinitive)

Present tense
bermi, I carry             bermes, we carry
bersi, you.s carry         berte, you.p carry
berzi, he/she/it carries.  brenzi, they carry
([z] is an affricate, /ts/, which I stole from Tocharian. t > z / _i is
the rule.  The root vowel has been restored in the first and second
plural, but not in this case in the third.)

Past tense
evern, I carried   evermes, we carried
evers, you carried everte, you carried
evert, she carried evrent, they carried
(b > v after V applies.  Final -m turns into -n in most positions due to
sandhi)

Aorist tense
evron, I carry     evromo, we carry
evres, you carry   evrete, you carry
evret, she carries evront, they carry
(I use the aorist when I feel a verb doesn't necessarily need to be in
the present.  I'm starting to use it regularly now.)

Past perfect tense
bevora, I have carried    beverme, we have carried
bevorta, you have carried beverte, you have carried
bevore, she has carried   bevre:s, they have carried
(reduplication rule applied, also e > o rule in the singular verb)

Subjunctive
bero:, I carry    beromon, we carry
bere, you carry   berete, you carry
bere, she carries beronzi, they carry
(only one tense has been reconstructed.)

Optative
ber%n, I should carry   ber%me, we should carry
ber%s, you should carry ber%te, you should carry
ber%t, she should carry ber%nt, they should carry
(front rounded vowel in the verb ending, usually I transliterate it as
o-umlaut which I think is a very attractive letter.)

Imperative
bes, carry!        berte, carry!
bertu, he carries! brentu, they carry!
(There's a r > s sandhi rule here that I've applied in the second
singular imperative.)

Participles
berento(s), -a, -on carrying
berno(s), -a, -on   carried
berveso(s), -a, on  having carried
(-s is preserved only before unvoiced stops and when sentence final.
Vokhoman has two past participle endings.  The n ending is used here.
The past perfect participle is uncommon but still used.)

Now I have to go.  More verbs later.

- andrew.
--
Andrew Smith, Intheologus                       hobbit@earthlight.co.nz

                      "Piskie, Piskie, say Amen
                   Doon on your knees and up agen."

                    "Presbie, Presbie, dinna bend;
                   Sit ye doon on mon's chief end."
                               - Attributions unknown.