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Re: Verbal Inflection for Formality

From:Roger Mills <rfmilly@...>
Date:Thursday, June 22, 2006, 17:52
AFAIK, only Japanese has really different _inflections_ for the honorific
etc. forms. (And didn't someone mention Korean?   One would think there
could be other languages.

And aren't there Japanese forms used only by the Emperor, and others used
only _to_ him?

I'd view things like Usted, Sie, vous, Your Grace/Majesty/etc. as simple
vocab. replacements; they don't require completely different verbs or verb
forms. Much the way Indonesian uses titles/offices etc. for politeness or
when dealing with superiors. Then, along with familiar aku 'I', there's much
more common saya, IIRC from a Skt. word for 'slave'.

Even the Javanese system (familiar ngoko, lofty kromo, with several
intermediate varieties) only involves vocab. replacement (or slightly
deforming the word-- e.g. soré 'afternoon' ~kromo sont@n); otherwise no
special morphology AFAIK.

Similarly the various honorific terms in Kash, properly used when dealing
with nobles and/or officialdom.

Adding the hon.prefix par- ~pra- to every word associated with a lofty being
is nowadays restricted to formulaic appeals to the Spirits (or translations
of the 'paramamim' = Pater noster...)