| Topic | Posts | Most Recent | First Post |
| OT: Test, please ignore |
1 |
Apr 4 '08, | 13:16 | Benct Philip Jonsson | Mar 6 '02, | 19:56 | John Cowan |
| OT: Non-Human Phonology |
2 |
Dec 4 '06, | 15:56 | Carsten Becker | May 15 '06, | 23:14 | Rob Haden |
| Relative clauses |
19 |
Aug 5 '06, | 16:52 | Adam Walker | Nov 14 '03, | 21:51 | John Cowan |
| USAGE Re: Defining words and how they are used |
12 |
Jul 16 '06, | 1:20 | Abrigon | Jun 23 '06, | 13:57 | Eldin Raigmore |
| NonVerbal Conlang? |
38 |
Jul 15 '06, | 22:36 | Abrigon | Jun 24 '06, | 1:50 | Michael Adams |
| USAGE: No rants! (USAGE: di"f"thong) |
12 |
Jul 9 '06, | 19:28 | Michael Adams | May 29 '06, | 14:46 | Henrik Theiling |
| Music-conlangs & music |
1 |
Jul 9 '06, | 1:14 | Jackson Moore | Jun 30 '06, | 18:56 | R A Brown |
| Wordless language (WAS: NonVerbal Conlang?) |
11 |
Jul 4 '06, | 13:38 | R A Brown | Jun 29 '06, | 4:42 | Sai Emrys |
| Þrjótran: Lesson 17b: Hví |
3 |
Jul 4 '06, | 12:44 | Henrik Theiling | Jun 29 '06, | 21:50 | Henrik Theiling |
| OT: Tinkering versus creativity |
32 |
Jul 4 '06, | 11:44 | Jörg Rhiemeier | Jun 26 '06, | 22:21 | Sai Emrys |
| a request |
3 |
Jul 2 '06, | 19:10 | Carsten Becker | Jun 28 '06, | 3:46 | Rodlox R |
| The opposite of resumptive |
9 |
Jul 2 '06, | 17:21 | And Rosta | Jun 11 '06, | 23:51 | Remi Villatel |
| Chickenese - natlang or artlang? |
2 |
Jul 2 '06, | 2:45 | andrew | Jun 30 '06, | 8:24 | Yahya Abdal-Aziz |
| YAEPT: Australian Milo |
9 |
Jul 1 '06, | 16:20 | R A Brown | Jun 30 '06, | 9:21 | Sai Emrys |
| CHAT: German help |
14 |
Jul 1 '06, | 16:09 | caeruleancentaur | Jun 30 '06, | 3:59 | Ph.D. |
| A personal curiosity |
6 |
Jun 30 '06, | 21:40 | caeruleancentaur | Jun 23 '06, | 18:03 | Israel Noletto |
| CHAT Tiny URLs (was: NonVerbal Conlang?) |
5 |
Jun 30 '06, | 11:24 | Henrik Theiling | Jun 29 '06, | 22:09 | Roger Mills |
| Having fun with Babelfish |
1 |
Jun 30 '06, | 5:52 | Sally Caves | Jun 30 '06, | 5:52 | Sally Caves |
| Tiny URLs (was: NonVerbal Conlang?) |
3 |
Jun 30 '06, | 5:34 | Philip Newton | Jun 29 '06, | 5:43 | Yahya Abdal-Aziz |
| Happy 1st/4th July |
1 |
Jun 30 '06, | 3:12 | Larry Sulky | Jun 30 '06, | 3:12 | Larry Sulky |
| THEORY: What IS language anyway? |
5 |
Jun 30 '06, | 2:47 | Gary Shannon | Jun 28 '06, | 20:12 | Gary Shannon |
| OT (?) Balkan Sprachbund (was: Relative clauses) |
2 |
Jun 29 '06, | 23:52 | Eugene Oh | Jun 28 '06, | 18:09 | Roger Mills |
| Prithmahler Len Maltha? |
2 |
Jun 29 '06, | 23:43 | Eugene Oh | Jun 27 '06, | 14:45 | Jim Henry |
| THEORY: SV: THEORY: What IS language anyway? |
5 |
Jun 29 '06, | 15:28 | Gary Shannon | Jun 29 '06, | 5:00 | Kalle Bergman |
| OT (?) Balkan Sprachbund |
2 |
Jun 28 '06, | 19:41 | R A Brown | Jun 28 '06, | 19:15 | R A Brown |
| Strategies for disambiguating ad* |
9 |
Jun 28 '06, | 19:23 | Roger Mills | Jun 27 '06, | 6:53 | Yahya Abdal-Aziz |
| OT: Defining words and how they are used |
12 |
Jun 28 '06, | 14:50 | Antonielly Garcia Rodrigues | Jun 22 '06, | 22:08 | Michael Adams |
| ANNOUNCE: schcompile: new version |
1 |
Jun 28 '06, | 14:08 | Henrik Theiling | Jun 28 '06, | 14:08 | Henrik Theiling |
| TECH: test, please ignore |
1 |
Jun 27 '06, | 20:36 | Stephen Mulraney | Jun 27 '06, | 20:36 | Stephen Mulraney |
| Corrections: Strategies for disambiguating ad* |
1 |
Jun 27 '06, | 17:55 | Roger Mills | Jun 27 '06, | 17:55 | Roger Mills |
| those irregular prepositions |
21 |
Jun 27 '06, | 13:40 | Carsten Becker | Jun 20 '06, | 14:06 | Yahya Abdal-Aziz |
| TECH: more help? |
17 |
Jun 27 '06, | 9:54 | Carsten Becker | Jun 21 '06, | 23:47 | Roger Mills |
| OT Re: Dumped it!! |
1 |
Jun 27 '06, | 3:54 | Michael Adams | Jun 27 '06, | 3:54 | Michael Adams |
| Focus Fronting In My Latest |
1 |
Jun 27 '06, | 0:39 | Jeffrey Jones | Jun 27 '06, | 0:39 | Jeffrey Jones |
| Participles and Other Verbals, vs Relative Clauses and Other Subordinate Clauses, in Conlangs and Natlangs |
2 |
Jun 27 '06, | 0:07 | Jeffrey Jones | Jun 22 '06, | 15:00 | Eldin Raigmore |
| OT: Dumped it!! |
2 |
Jun 26 '06, | 20:09 | Gary Shannon | Jun 26 '06, | 19:12 | Sally Caves |
| THEORY: Parsing for meaning. |
10 |
Jun 26 '06, | 20:07 | Gary Shannon | Jun 25 '06, | 22:48 | Gary Shannon |
| Icelandic 'sem'/Swedish 'som' etymology? |
5 |
Jun 26 '06, | 16:10 | Henrik Theiling | Jun 26 '06, | 0:23 | Henrik Theiling |
| Multi-modal communication |
3 |
Jun 26 '06, | 4:51 | Sai Emrys | Jun 25 '06, | 4:12 | Remi Villatel |
| USAGE: Stacked diacritics |
4 |
Jun 26 '06, | 1:02 | Shreyas Sampat | Jun 24 '06, | 10:00 | Tristan Alexander McLeay |
| Personality Question |
15 |
Jun 25 '06, | 15:55 | Carsten Becker | Jun 21 '06, | 17:55 | <veritosproject@...> |
| OT: we quaint Brits (was: those irregular prepositions) |
16 |
Jun 25 '06, | 15:00 | daniel prohaska | Jun 23 '06, | 18:14 | R A Brown |
| help with description |
2 |
Jun 24 '06, | 21:44 | Jeffrey Jones | Jun 23 '06, | 20:54 | Jeffrey Jones |
| USAGE: neologisms for neography (was: Defining words and how they are used) |
1 |
Jun 24 '06, | 19:31 | R A Brown | Jun 24 '06, | 19:31 | R A Brown |
| USAGE Re: Defining words and how they are used" |
4 |
Jun 24 '06, | 18:22 | R A Brown | Jun 23 '06, | 17:56 | Michael Adams |
| What texts are most translated? |
18 |
Jun 24 '06, | 8:33 | Wesley Parish | Jun 19 '06, | 22:52 | Eldin Raigmore |
| Contra (was: Offensive stress (was: those irregular prepositions) |
2 |
Jun 24 '06, | 0:53 | caeruleancentaur | Jun 23 '06, | 21:09 | Roger Mills |
| Offensive stress (was: those irregular prepositions) |
14 |
Jun 23 '06, | 20:52 | caeruleancentaur | Jun 22 '06, | 16:31 | caeruleancentaur |
| OT Re: USAGE Re: Defining words and how they are used |
2 |
Jun 23 '06, | 18:33 | Michael Adams | Jun 23 '06, | 15:52 | Michael Adams |
| Verbal Inflection for Formality |
19 |
Jun 23 '06, | 18:23 | Roger Mills | Jun 20 '06, | 11:15 | Chris Bates |
| THEORY: Diachronic Origin of Verbals and Dependent Clauses |
1 |
Jun 23 '06, | 16:56 | Eldin Raigmore | Jun 23 '06, | 16:56 | Eldin Raigmore |
| USAGE? Re: Defining words and how they are used |
1 |
Jun 23 '06, | 15:50 | Michael Adams | Jun 23 '06, | 15:50 | Michael Adams |
| Creating New Words |
5 |
Jun 23 '06, | 12:45 | Jim Henry | Jun 22 '06, | 19:56 | Michael Adams |
| Class handouts on Linguistic Universals |
2 |
Jun 23 '06, | 10:57 | Henrik Theiling | Jun 23 '06, | 10:33 | Keith Gaughan |
| OT Re: Defining words and how they are used |
1 |
Jun 23 '06, | 7:54 | R A Brown | Jun 23 '06, | 7:54 | R A Brown |
| OT: YAEPT: emphasis |
9 |
Jun 22 '06, | 18:12 | Mark J. Reed | Jun 22 '06, | 14:00 | Mark J. Reed |
| Schwa and [V]: Learning the IPA |
71 |
Jun 22 '06, | 12:09 | Benct Philip Jonsson | Jun 13 '06, | 14:15 | Mark J. Reed |
| Conlang conference commemorative stamps |
6 |
Jun 22 '06, | 3:57 | Sai Emrys | Jun 20 '06, | 1:06 | Jim Henry |
| OT: Bounces to list-owner address |
2 |
Jun 22 '06, | 3:53 | Sai Emrys | Jun 16 '06, | 12:07 | Holly Lisle |
| Participles in Natlangs and in Conlangs |
14 |
Jun 21 '06, | 23:38 | eldin_raigmore | Jun 19 '06, | 21:50 | Eldin Raigmore |
| [Conlangs-Conf] 1st Language Creation Conference to air on TV |
1 |
Jun 21 '06, | 22:54 | Sai Emrys | Jun 21 '06, | 22:54 | Sai Emrys |
| OT: Mk is shorter (was What texts are most translated?) |
2 |
Jun 21 '06, | 17:56 | R A Brown | Jun 21 '06, | 11:41 | caeruleancentaur |
| Klingon List? |
1 |
Jun 21 '06, | 17:52 | Michael Adams | Jun 21 '06, | 17:52 | Michael Adams |
| NATLANG: Re: German sibilants and consonant clusters. |
7 |
Jun 21 '06, | 17:52 | Hanuman Zhang | Jun 20 '06, | 11:49 | Benct Philip Jonsson |
| Gutenberg Bible not avail. in plain text? |
3 |
Jun 21 '06, | 12:13 | Jim Henry | Jun 20 '06, | 16:39 | Henrik Theiling |
| CHAT: Machine translation (was Re: translation) |
9 |
Jun 21 '06, | 8:29 | Philip Newton | Jun 19 '06, | 12:25 | Mark J. Reed |
| Devoid |
13 |
Jun 21 '06, | 5:02 | Michael Adams | Jun 17 '06, | 15:50 | caeruleancentaur |
| German sibilants and consonant clusters. |
3 |
Jun 20 '06, | 22:21 | Jörg Rhiemeier | Jun 19 '06, | 22:45 | Steven Williams |
| CogSci or Linguistics faculty / departments that would be open to a PhD thesis in conlanging? |
2 |
Jun 20 '06, | 15:24 | And Rosta | Jun 20 '06, | 10:53 | Sai Emrys |
| Iain M. Banks: Marain language |
5 |
Jun 20 '06, | 13:00 | John Vertical | Jun 19 '06, | 14:27 | Henrik Theiling |
| News from the Island of Kalu |
4 |
Jun 19 '06, | 22:34 | Eldin Raigmore | Jun 16 '06, | 6:07 | Gary Shannon |
| OT: Detecting Language/Dielect Spoken |
4 |
Jun 19 '06, | 10:11 | Michael Adams | Jun 16 '06, | 16:47 | Michael Adams |
| Translation |
2 |
Jun 19 '06, | 6:10 | Roger Mills | Oct 8 '98, | 18:19 | J.A. Mills |
| More graded sentences for analysis |
2 |
Jun 18 '06, | 22:42 | Roger Mills | Jun 18 '06, | 20:31 | Gary Shannon |
| Reverse translation challenge |
1 |
Jun 18 '06, | 16:58 | Larry Sulky | Jun 18 '06, | 16:58 | Larry Sulky |
| Paul Bennett's linguistic history (was Re: Schwa and [V]: Learning the IPA) |
4 |
Jun 18 '06, | 12:53 | Larry Sulky | Jun 16 '06, | 13:00 | Paul Bennett |
| History of Yasaro |
6 |
Jun 16 '06, | 14:32 | Paul Roser | Jun 13 '06, | 2:51 | Herman Miller |
| C_j vs Cj vs C_jj |
5 |
Jun 15 '06, | 19:45 | Isaac Penzev | Jun 14 '06, | 14:59 | Mark J. Reed |
| YAEPT: track |
24 |
Jun 14 '06, | 22:13 | Roger Mills | Jun 12 '06, | 17:47 | <veritosproject@...> |
| YAEPT:Re: Schwa and [V]: Learning the IPA |
2 |
Jun 14 '06, | 15:02 | daniel prohaska | Jun 14 '06, | 13:49 | Joe |
| TECH: Web server problem |
2 |
Jun 14 '06, | 14:42 | Mark J. Reed | Jun 14 '06, | 13:48 | Benct Philip Jonsson |
| USAGE: Con-graphies |
5 |
Jun 14 '06, | 0:56 | Sai Emrys | Jun 8 '06, | 5:53 | Yahya Abdal-Aziz |
| USAGE: Shavian: was Re: USAGE: Con-graphies |
11 |
Jun 13 '06, | 16:42 | Andreas Johansson | Jun 9 '06, | 19:39 | Gary Shannon |
| OT: TECH: Reply-to headers and gmail (was YAEPT: track) |
2 |
Jun 13 '06, | 16:08 | Larry Sulky | Jun 13 '06, | 15:44 | Mark J. Reed |
| OT: King George and American Idol? |
2 |
Jun 13 '06, | 14:29 | Eugene Oh | Jun 13 '06, | 13:07 | Michael Adams |
| OT Roman names |
7 |
Jun 13 '06, | 12:45 | Wesley Parish | Jun 12 '06, | 12:35 | R A Brown |
| USAGE: Shaw alphabet (was Re: USAGE: Con-graphies) |
52 |
Jun 13 '06, | 12:17 | Benct Philip Jonsson | Jun 9 '06, | 16:15 | Philip Newton |
| OT civitas (was: OT Roman names) |
2 |
Jun 13 '06, | 10:45 | Michael Adams | Jun 13 '06, | 10:07 | R A Brown |
| Word Creation |
5 |
Jun 13 '06, | 1:00 | Eldin Raigmore | Jan 22 '03, | 3:25 | Bryan Maloney |
| Consequences of a matrilocal society |
4 |
Jun 12 '06, | 20:36 | Eldin Raigmore | Jun 12 '06, | 8:36 | Peter Bleackley |
| Just to test... |
2 |
Jun 12 '06, | 20:19 | Larry Sulky | Jun 12 '06, | 20:12 | Benct Philip Jonsson |
| test again, please ignore again |
1 |
Jun 12 '06, | 19:58 | BP Jonsson | Jun 12 '06, | 19:58 | BP Jonsson |
| TECH: help, special characters |
4 |
Jun 12 '06, | 17:17 | Roger Mills | Jun 10 '06, | 23:31 | Roger Mills |
| 1200 Graded Sentences for Analysis. |
10 |
Jun 12 '06, | 15:26 | Larry Sulky | Jun 11 '06, | 0:18 | Gary Shannon |
| OT Roman names (was: names in conlangs) |
6 |
Jun 12 '06, | 14:56 | Peter Bleackley | Jun 12 '06, | 6:46 | R A Brown |
| names in conlangs |
28 |
Jun 12 '06, | 3:02 | Michael Adams | Jun 5 '06, | 18:47 | <veritosproject@...> |
| Andative and Venitive |
1 |
Jun 11 '06, | 21:58 | Eldin Raigmore | Jun 11 '06, | 21:58 | Eldin Raigmore |
| USAGE: YAEPT:Re: Shavian: was Re: USAGE: Con-graphies |
9 |
Jun 11 '06, | 18:51 | Mark J. Reed | Jun 11 '06, | 11:37 | Joe |
| NATLANG: Ukrainian question |
3 |
Jun 11 '06, | 14:03 | Mark J. Reed | Jun 9 '06, | 16:16 | Mark J. Reed |
| Gaelic names (was: names in conlangs) |
3 |
Jun 9 '06, | 2:16 | Keith Gaughan | Jun 8 '06, | 23:18 | Thomas Leigh |
| 'Thank you' in a:seka`eni |
3 |
Jun 8 '06, | 16:49 | Carsten Becker | Jun 7 '06, | 15:11 | James W. |
| Semantic content of 'thank you' |
19 |
Jun 8 '06, | 10:21 | Eugene Oh | Jun 6 '06, | 14:26 | James W. |
| On the design of an ideal language - finally, my (long!) response |
2 |
Jun 8 '06, | 8:47 | Sai Emrys | Jun 8 '06, | 8:45 | Sai Emrys |
| Naturalistic conlang spelling reform! |
4 |
Jun 8 '06, | 4:17 | Herman Miller | Jun 3 '06, | 2:02 | Herman Miller |
| Bumbalees |
1 |
Jun 8 '06, | 0:02 | Wesley Parish | Jun 8 '06, | 0:02 | Wesley Parish |
| USAGE: Diversity and uniformity AND No rants! (USAGE: di"f"thong) -- responses to Andreas and Ray. |
5 |
Jun 7 '06, | 21:24 | Andreas Johansson | Jun 2 '06, | 15:01 | Benct Philip Jonsson |
| TECH: Site Icons |
16 |
Jun 7 '06, | 19:31 | Keith Gaughan | Jun 5 '06, | 23:33 | David J. Peterson |
| correction: names in conlangs |
1 |
Jun 7 '06, | 17:48 | Roger Mills | Jun 7 '06, | 17:48 | Roger Mills |
| Negative Words |
8 |
Jun 7 '06, | 15:40 | Michael Adams | Jun 6 '06, | 11:35 | Michael Adams |
| Case names in Thagojian |
5 |
Jun 7 '06, | 14:30 | Raik Lorenz | Jun 6 '06, | 17:43 | Paul Bennett |
| A curious fact concerning English Second Person Pronouns |
6 |
Jun 7 '06, | 11:46 | Pieterson | Jun 6 '06, | 15:13 | Peter Bleackley |
| TECH: Webmail (was Re: Case names in Thagojian) |
1 |
Jun 7 '06, | 11:03 | Paul Bennett | Jun 7 '06, | 11:03 | Paul Bennett |
| Translate? |
1 |
Jun 7 '06, | 5:52 | Michael Adams | Jun 7 '06, | 5:52 | Michael Adams |
| the joys of ambiguity |
1 |
Jun 7 '06, | 2:50 | Yahya Abdal-Aziz | Jun 7 '06, | 2:50 | Yahya Abdal-Aziz |
| I may not be a bearded, left-handed, gay Lithuanian, but... |
14 |
Jun 6 '06, | 23:30 | Scotto Hlad | May 30 '06, | 16:04 | Thomas Leigh |
| Þrjótran conculture |
1 |
Jun 6 '06, | 11:22 | Henrik Theiling | Jun 6 '06, | 11:22 | Henrik Theiling |
| The 2006 Smiley Award Winner: Kalusa |
2 |
Jun 6 '06, | 0:34 | Larry Sulky | Jun 6 '06, | 0:07 | David J. Peterson |
| Announcing the Smiley Award |
1 |
Jun 6 '06, | 0:03 | David J. Peterson | Jun 6 '06, | 0:03 | David J. Peterson |
| Small translation challenge |
18 |
Jun 5 '06, | 19:11 | Rob Haden | Jun 2 '06, | 12:57 | Larry Sulky |
| Translation challenge (Flight) |
2 |
Jun 5 '06, | 18:18 | Carsten Becker | Jun 3 '06, | 6:33 | Taka Tunu |
| Georgian |
8 |
Jun 5 '06, | 14:10 | Henrik Theiling | Jun 3 '06, | 17:22 | Mark J. Reed |
| Terminological differences (was Re: Georgian) |
1 |
Jun 5 '06, | 12:54 | Paul Bennett | Jun 5 '06, | 12:54 | Paul Bennett |
| Good Enough for Folk Etymology |
2 |
Jun 5 '06, | 10:37 | Michael Adams | Jun 5 '06, | 9:57 | Peter Bleackley |
| Klingon Wiritng (was Re: Georgian) |
2 |
Jun 4 '06, | 18:27 | Mark J. Reed | Jun 4 '06, | 18:18 | Paul Bennett |
| "Riverworld" conlang - 3 words extant |
3 |
Jun 4 '06, | 12:45 | Wesley Parish | Jun 3 '06, | 9:31 | Wesley Parish |
| Small translation challenge [typo correction] |
1 |
Jun 4 '06, | 5:03 | Cian Ross | Jun 4 '06, | 5:03 | Cian Ross |
| OT: Mr. Adams (wasRe: Spelling reform, oficial languages, reviving old language for modern usage and other fun. |
2 |
Jun 4 '06, | 0:00 | Roger Mills | Jun 3 '06, | 22:49 | Hanuman Zhang |
| Zarthani language question |
1 |
Jun 3 '06, | 23:04 | Michael Adams | Jun 3 '06, | 23:04 | Michael Adams |
| Spelling reform, oficial languages, reviving old language for modern usage and other fun. |
4 |
Jun 3 '06, | 22:01 | Keith Gaughan | May 29 '06, | 15:36 | Michael Adams |
| Star Trek |
2 |
Jun 3 '06, | 21:14 | Joseph B. | May 18 '06, | 2:02 | Michael Adams |
| USAGE: YAEPT: Re: Diversity and uniformity AND No rants! (USAGE: di"f"thong) -- responses to Andreas and Ray. |
9 |
Jun 3 '06, | 16:01 | daniel prohaska | Jun 2 '06, | 22:01 | Joe |
| Semantic field for local cases |
2 |
Jun 3 '06, | 4:28 | Harold Ensle | May 27 '06, | 13:25 | Benct Philip Jonsson |
| USAGE: YAEPT: Re: Diversity and uniformity AND No rants! |
2 |
Jun 3 '06, | 0:26 | Michael Adams | Jun 3 '06, | 0:15 | Henrik Theiling |
| META: Re: Michif |
3 |
Jun 2 '06, | 21:52 | Paul Bennett | Jun 2 '06, | 21:18 | Paul Bennett |
| Michif |
1 |
Jun 2 '06, | 17:19 | Larry Sulky | Jun 2 '06, | 17:19 | Larry Sulky |
| THEORY: YASPR -- Yet Another Swedish Pronunciation Rant (fuit: THEORY: NATLANGS: Phonology and Phonetics: Tetraphthongs, Triphthongs, Diphthongs) |
3 |
Jun 2 '06, | 13:09 | Benct Philip Jonsson | May 29 '06, | 8:01 | Benct Philip Jonsson |
| OFFLIST: Meyer-Lübke |
2 |
Jun 2 '06, | 8:36 | Benct Philip Jonsson | Jun 1 '06, | 21:58 | Benct Philip Jonsson |
| New Zhyler Corpus |
3 |
Jun 1 '06, | 19:39 | <veritosproject@...> | May 30 '06, | 8:53 | David J. Peterson |
| USAGE: Diversity and uniformity (No rants! (USAGE: di"f"thong)) |
2 |
Jun 1 '06, | 16:31 | Andreas Johansson | Jun 1 '06, | 15:41 | Benct Philip Jonsson |
| THEORY: Viby-i (fuit: YASPR -- Yet Another Swedish Pronunciation Rant (fuit: THEORY: NATLANGS: Phonology and Phonetics: Tetraphthongs, Triphthongs, Diphthongs)) |
1 |
Jun 1 '06, | 14:50 | Benct Philip Jonsson | Jun 1 '06, | 14:50 | Benct Philip Jonsson |
| Village Talk - Alaska |
1 |
Jun 1 '06, | 13:04 | Michael Adams | Jun 1 '06, | 13:04 | Michael Adams |