something new from me (Mogora)

Well here's a little bit about my newest lang, Mogora, which I described
earlier. (If anyone said anything about it, pls repost it, cuz I lost
abunch of mail yesterday...)

PHONOLOGY

        VOWELS

The vowels are straightforward; there is no Vowel harmony. The vowels are:

/i/ /E/ /u/ /o/ /a/ /2/

and each of these has a glide-initial counterpart,

/ji/ /jE/ /ju/ /jo/ /ja/ /j2/

When vowels are unstressed, they become:

/i/ > /I/ or even /1/
/E/ > /e/
/u/ > /U/
/o/ > /@/
/a/ > /6/
/2/ > /@/

When pronounced emphatically in a stressed position, /E/ is often /&/.

        CONSONANTS

Mogora has consonant harmony, that is, a word can only have either voiced
or voiceless consonants (so far the only exception I know of is the
verb-declination-suffices). I'm also debating on a consonant gradation
system.

The consonants are presented as (voiced) - (voiceless) pairings:

/b/     /p/
/dz/    /ts/
/dZ/    /tS/
/d/     /t/
/v/     /f/
/g/     /k/
/G/     /x/     (where /G/ is voiced counterpart of /x/ - SAMPA??)
/s/     /z/
/S/     /Z/

There is one questionable pairing:

/q/     /h/

questionable, because /h/ can occur in either voiced or voiceless words,
while /q/ is quite rare and generally is only found where /h/ would occur
before another consonant (where the following consonant is
voiceless; before voiced consonant, either /h/ or the voiced counterpart
of /q/ is found SAMPA for that??)

And there are 5 "neutral" consonants, that can occur with voiced or
voiceless consonants:

/j/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /r/

VERBS

        TENSES, ASPECTS, MOODS

Mogora has the following: present, simple past, past perfect, present
continuative, past continuative, future, conditional and imperative, as
well as infinitive, past participle, present participle, agent (which can
serve either as noun or adjective), deverbal noun and active noun.

The verb "to be" has to stems: /vog-/ and /lev-/. It also has two present
tenses: the /vog-/ form means "to be" and the /lev-/ form means "to
become".

        1s        2s       3s           1p        2p        3p
pres 1  vogok     vog      von          vogmuk    vogtuk    vognuk
pres 2  lEvok     lEvul    lEv          lEvmuk    lEvtuk    lEvnuk
past    vogEk     vogE     vola         voglamuk  voglatuk  voglanuk
perf*   vogEttok  vogEttul vogEtta      vogEtmuk  vogEttuk  vogEtnuk
future  lEvEndEk  lEvEndul lEvEnd       lEvEndmuk lEvEndtuk lEvEndnuk
cond    lEvnEnok  lEvnEnul lEvnEn       lEvnEnmuk lEvnEntuk lEvnEnnuk
imper   ---       lEvjal   lEvja        lEvjamuk  lEvjatuk  lEvjanuk

* = (given form) + vola

the present continuative is formed as: present participle + present 1
the past continuative is formed as: present participle + past

infinitive: vogni~lEvni
past participle: voguvt~lEvuvt
present participle: vogoa~lEvoa
agent: vogov~lEvov
deverbal noun: vogolma~lEvolma
active noun: vog2S2~lEv2S2

Regular verbs:

        1s      2s      3s      1p      2p      3p
pres    -ok     -ul     ---     -muk    -tuk    -nuk
past    -Ek     -E      -la     -lamuk  -latuk  -lanuk
perf*   -Ettok  -Ettul  -Etta   -Etmuk  -Ettuk  -Etnuk (+vola)
future  -EndEk  -Endul  -End    -Endmuk -Endtuk -Endnuk
cond    -nEnok  -nEnul  -nEn    -nEnmuk -nEntuk -nEnnuk
imper   ---     -jal    -ja     -jamuk  -jatuk  -januk

* (given form + vola)

present continuative: present participle + present
past continuative: present participle + simple past of /vog-/

(consonant stem ~ vowel stem)

infinitive: -ni
past participle: -uvt ~ -juvt
present participle: -oa ~ -voa
agent: -ov ~ -jov
deverbal noun: -olma ~ -tvE
active noun: -2S2 ~ j2S2

NOUNS

Nouns are declined in fourteen cases, as the example shows: (zumE = eye,
nopu = day) (note "nopu" might change if a discover a consonant gradation
system)
Case markers are subject to consonant harmony.

                Sg              Pl              Sg              Pl
Nominative      zumE            zumEg           nopu            nopuk
Accusative      zumEd           zumEgEd         noput           nopukEt
Dative          zumEnEg         zumEgnEg        nopunEk         nopuknEk
Causative       zumEjErEd       zumEgErEd       nopujErEt       nopukErEt
Comitative      zumEqEl         zumEgqEl        nopuhEl         nopukhEl
Inessive        zumEbEn         zumEgbEn        nopupEn         nopukpEn
Adessive        zumEdda         zumEgEdda       noputta         nopukEtta
Illative        zumEbElE        zumEgbElE       nopupElE        nopukpElE
Elative         zumEbEl2l       zumEgbEl2l      nopupEl2l       nopukpEl2l
Allative        zumEGuz         zumEgGuz        nopuxus         nopukxus
Ablative        zumEdul         zumEgdul        noputul         nopuktul
Delative        zumErul         zumEgrul        nopurul         nopukrul
Superessive     zumEn           zumEgEn         nopun           nopukEn
Sublative       zumErEja        zumEgrEja       nopurEja        nopukrEja

More later.

----ferko
Ferenc Gy. Valoczy

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