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THEORY: Incorporating Agents vs. Patients in Verbs (was: 'Yemls Grammar)

From:tomhchappell <tomhchappell@...>
Date:Tuesday, September 27, 2005, 23:20
Hello, Jeffrey, Sylvia, et al.

A number of correspondents in the last week or so have written about
noun-incorporation.

Usually, when linguists talk about "incorporating", they mean that
the "object" of a "transitive" "verb" gets "incorporated" into the
verb, making a new word.

So, for instance, instead of saying "The demon gnawed his soul",
the language could say "The demon soul-gnawed him".

That was what I meant by "Incorporating the Patient into the Verb" in
my title.

But, it is also possible to say, in some languages, --- I think in
some of the same languages --- something like "His soul was demon-
gnawed."

This is what I meant by "Incorporating the Agent into the Verb" in my
title.

[QUESTIONS]
1. How synonymous are the terms "incorporating languages"
and "polysynthetic languages"?

2. How co-extensive are the two types of languages?

3. Do ergative incorporating languages lean toward agent-
incorporation the way accusative incorporating languages lean toward
patient-incorporation?

4. What questions do you think I should have asked instead of these?

5. a. How common are natlangs attesting both agent-incorporation and
patient-incorporation?  b. How common are these two phenomena (should
we call them "processes"?) in these languages? c. What languages have
a lot of verbs which can have both the A and the P incorporated?

--- In conlang@yahoogroups.com, Jeffrey Jones <jsjonesmiami@Y...>
wrote:
> On Sun, 25 Sep 2005 23:55:01 -0400, Jeffrey Jones
<jsjonesmiami@Y...>
> wrote: > > >On Sun, 25 Sep 2005 11:08:40 -0700, Sylvia Sotomayor
<terjemar@G...>
> >wrote: > > > >> Hi, > >> I looked. > > > >Hi Sylvia, > >Your comments are timely -- this is the last night I'll have
regular
> >internet access. And my computer will be going into storage
tomorrow.
> > > >> I like the way you define all your terms, even if the
definitions are
> >> sktetchy. I need to do more of that. > > > >I do try to define things, because I sometimes make up my own
terms or
> >misuse existing terms or because not everybody reading it will
know the
> >terms. > > > >> I also like that 'YemIs has incorporation. I hope you'll let me
know
> >> when you have something more to put into that section.
Incorporation is
> >> one of the few cool things I haven't put into Kelen, so I have to > >> experience it vicariously through other conlangs. :-) > > > >The reason I haven't said much is because I don't know enough about > >incorporation in general to figure out how it works in 'Yemls.
When/if I
> >come up with anything less vague, I'll definitely let you know,
when I can.
> > I just reread the grammar, and I'm surprised I was able to say even
that
> much. I still don't understand natlang incorporation very well. But > in 'Yemls, let's say we have words for hunt, with Argument
Structure A P c,
> and for tigers, with a single argument (the subject). If (tigers)
is
> incorporated by (hunt), we have (hunt-tigers), with *proposed*
Argument
> Structure A - c. In this proposal, the P argument for (hunt) is
deleted,
> not just the redundant subject argument of (tigers). No arguments
have been
> added. Now, the P-argument could be restored with the {A} prefix (I
think).
> Then you could say something like "I hunt-tigers Fred." > > Just my current thoughts. I don't when I'll get back to all this ... > > Jeff > > > > >>-Sylvia > >> > >>On 9/20/05, Jeffrey Jones <jsjonesmiami@y...> wrote: > >>> If anybody besides Tom C has looked at this, I've uploaded some
more
> >>> material and made some changes. I expect that will be it for a
while.
> >>> > >>> Happy Conlanging! > >>> -- > >>> Jeff Jones > >>> > >>> On Mon, 12 Sep 2005 19:22:52 -0400, Jeffrey Jones > ><jsjonesmiami@Y...> > >>> wrote: > >>> > > >>> > For those who don't mind the appearance of upper/mixed case
letters :)
> >>> > here's a partially complete updated grammar of 'Yemls: > >>> > http://home.earthlink.net/~jeffsjones/conlang/Yemls/Introd.htm > >>> > > >>> > Most of it's morphology so far, but that includes some recent > >additions, > >>> > like the distinction between indefinite and definite
perfectives, and
> >one > >>> > or two temporal point of reference suffixes. These single-
mora
> suffixes > >>> > each take the place of some hypothetical adverb. The suffix
to make
> >>> > nominoids act like static verboids has been modified. > >>> > > >>> > Incidentally, one of the things that helped me clean up the
pages was
> >>> > settling on grammatical terms, although the ones I used may be > >completely > >>> > non-standard. > >>> > > >>> > -- > >>> > Nameless > >>> > {i: ViDf d But YOSELTfTV-i.} "I saw that person who has never
to this
> >day > >>> > sung for me." > >>> > >>====================================================================
=====
> >>> > >> > >> > >>-- > >>Sylvia Sotomayor > >>terjemar@g... > >>www.terjemar.net > >>====================================================================
=====
> >=====================================================================
====

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Patrick Littell <puchitao@...>