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Re: Vocab #5

From:Douglas Koller, Latin & French <latinfrench@...>
Date:Tuesday, April 30, 2002, 20:47
Aidan gave us:

> Brought to you by C (for coffee), the distinction between perfective and >habitual past tenses, and intensive adjectives.
Géarthçins don't consider Géarthnuns to have aspect, only tense. It runs on the six tense system of the Latin indicative (sort of): present, past, future, perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect, plus a "transcendent" tense for seven. So, you be the judge. Anyway, there is no imperfect/perfect distinction as described above. You'd most likely rely on context and adverbs, but since context is lacking in one-sentence examples, some sentences below had to go further and use the Englishesque strategy, "be accustomed to".
> 1. coffee / bitter drink / culturally distinctive drink > I used to drink coffee.
kawabs - coffee Sí lé sö kawabsöt ba frozh tsobal. sí - I [aff., nom.] lé - past aux. sö - a, some [1st decl., aff., sing.] (here, you wouldn't translate it into English, like French "du" in some contexts) kawabsöt - coffee [1st decl., aff., sing., acc.] ba - links two verbs frozh - drink tsobal - be accustomed/used to
> 2. tea / herbal tea > I drank the tea in one gulp.
chabs - tea (made from tea leaves); nggasels - tea (infusion made from other stuff) Sí lé chö chabsöt chau rhauçébörsaun síreraun frozh. chö - the [1st decl., aff., sing.] chabsöt - tea [1st decl., aff., sing., acc.] chau - the [2nd decl., aff., sing.] rhauçébörsaun - swallow [2nd decl., aff., sing., instr.] (New, but derived from the extant verb) síreraun - one [2nd decl., aff., sing., instr.] (Changing definite "chau" to indefinite "sau" would change the meaning of the sentence to "I drank one gulp of tea.")
> 3. steep / brew > She used to steep the tea for 10 minutes, but she steeped this cup >for only 7 minutes.
ktöfel - steep, brew, infuse (New) San lé chö chabsöt söik ngutsöid mnötöid srem ba ktöfel tsobal, arkfö san lé chí bestölsín hengelín söik ngutsöid zhöshetöid öiü srem ktöfel. san - she [aff., nom] söik - some (indef. art.) [3rd decl., aff., pl.] ngutsöid - minute [3rd decl., aff., pl., postpositional] mnötöid - ten [3rd decl., aff., pl., post.] srem - for (ref. to duration of time) arkfö - but chí - the [6th decl., aff., sing.] bestölsín - cup [6th decl., aff., sing., instr.] hengelín - this [6th decl., aff., sing., instr.] zhöshetöid - seven [3rd decl., aff., pl., post.] öiü - only
> 4. pastry / biscuits / cookies > She had pastry with her coffee once. > She had pastry with her coffee every day.
kfíöshalers - cookie, biscuit San lé sau kfíöshalersaut chö kawabsöb shut sírü glozh. kfíöshalersaut - cookie [2nd decl., aff., sing., acc.] kawabsöb - coffee [1st decl., aff., sing., post.] shut - with sírü - once glozh - eat San lé sau kfíöshalersaut chö kawabsöb shut fandaltha-u glozh. fandaltha-u - everyday ("che fandalthsev" is also possible here)
> 5. milk > She doesn't take milk in her tea.
ngurs - milk Sap la fau ngumsaut vö chakhsöv hin. sap - she [neg., nom] la - present aux. fau - a, some [2nd decl., neg., sing.] ngumsaut - milk [2nd decl., neg., sing., acc] vö - the [1st decl., neg., sing.] chakhsöv - tea [1st decl., neg., sing., locative] hin - use
> 6. bitter > The coffee was very bitter today. > The coffee was bitter every day.
örzeb - bitter Chö kawabs lé che hengedalthsev örzeb theu nöi. che - the [7th decl., aff., sing.] hengedalthsev - today [7th decl., aff., sing., loc.] örzeb - bitter [1st decl., aff., sing., nom.] theu - very nöi - be Chö kawabs lé che fandalthsev örzeb theu nöi. fandalthsev - every day [7th decl., aff., sing., loc.]
> 7. sweet > He likes his tea too strong and too sweet for us.
talsengeb - sweet (because one has added sugar, like a confection or a bonbon) belíerab - sweet (naturally, like a peach or a bell pepper) Söb la chö chabsöt makhlamal talsengeb rhöseu zhö íédeshnöb rhöseu fautail. söb - he [aff., nom.] makhlamal - us [aff., pl., dat.] talsengeb - sweet [1st decl., aff., sing., nom.] rhöseu - too zhö - and íédeshnöb - strong [1st decl., aff., sing., nom] (ref. to coffee, cigarettes, alcohol, etc.) fautail - like
> 8. wired / the feeling obtained after drinking 43 cups of coffee > That guy is wired! He drinks too much coffee.
pengöb - excited Chö dhaubs helkeb la pengöb rhöseu nöi! Söb la sö kawabsöt eszgauböt rhöseu frozh. dhaubs - man [1st decl., aff., sing., nom.] helkeb - that [1st decl., aff., sing., nom.] pengöb - excited [1st decl., aff., sing., nom.] rhöseu - too ezgauböt - much [1st decl., aff., sing., acc.}
> 9. mellow / calm / soothing (of music) > The music they play is too mellow for my taste.
gnözhen - calm (v.), soothe, so gnözhenalöb - calming, soothing Cha ösevöns la, chanat rheth la hezheshöth sho, chí lémníelsíb sítelíb ésh gnözhenalön rhöseu nöi. cha - the [4th decl., aff., sing.] ösevöns - music [4th decl., aff., sing., nom.] chanat - who/which/that [4th decl., aff., sing., acc.] rheth - they [pl., nom.] hezheshöth - play sho - marks end of subordinate clause lémníelsíb - taste [6th decl., aff., sing., post.] (used newly in this sense) sítelíb - my [6th decl., aff., sing., post.] ésh - according to gnözhenalön - soothing [4th decl., aff., sing., nom.]
> 10. street vendor / coffee house / tea bar / the culturally appropriate >place to buy a cup of tea or coffee > That street vendor always had the best tea, but then his wife left him.
kawadhals - coffee house, coffee shop, café chadhals - tea house, tea shop dhégürhals - manager pwéls - owner Chí pwéls chí chadhalsís helkelís lé chö chabsöt zçalíkfoshköböt éhö íömé ktöfel, arkfö cha írévens lé söböt mente panten. pwéls - owner [6th decl., aff., sing., nom.] chadhalsís - tea house [6th decl., aff., sing., gen.] helkelís - that [6th decl., aff., sing., gen.] zçalíkfoshköböt - good [1st decl., aff., sing., acc.] éhö - most íömé - always írévens - wife (of heterosexual couple) [4th decl., aff., sing., nom.] söböt - him [aff., acc.] mente - then panten - leave (a person) (New)
> [p.s. In honor of my becoming the manager of the grad student coffee >house on campus. Yay!]
Congrats! and Thanks! Kou