Re: Vocab #5

Aidan gave us:

>  Brought to you by C (for coffee), the distinction between perfective and
>habitual past tenses, and intensive adjectives.
Géarthçins don't consider Géarthnuns to have aspect, only tense. It
runs on the six tense system of the Latin indicative (sort of):
present, past, future, perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect, plus
a "transcendent" tense for seven. So, you be the judge. Anyway, there
is no imperfect/perfect distinction as described above. You'd most
likely rely on context and adverbs, but since context is lacking in
one-sentence examples, some sentences below had to go further and use
the Englishesque strategy, "be accustomed to".

>   1. coffee / bitter drink / culturally distinctive drink
>       I used to drink coffee.
kawabs - coffee

Sí lé sö kawabsöt ba frozh tsobal.

sí - I [aff., nom.]
lé - past aux.
sö - a, some [1st decl., aff., sing.] (here, you wouldn't translate
it into English, like French "du" in some contexts)
kawabsöt - coffee [1st decl., aff., sing., acc.]
ba - links two verbs
frozh - drink
tsobal - be accustomed/used to

>   2. tea / herbal tea
>        I drank the tea in one gulp.
chabs - tea (made from tea leaves); nggasels - tea (infusion made
from other stuff)

Sí lé chö chabsöt chau rhauçébörsaun síreraun frozh.

chö - the [1st decl., aff., sing.]
chabsöt - tea [1st decl., aff., sing., acc.]
chau - the [2nd decl., aff., sing.]
rhauçébörsaun - swallow [2nd decl., aff., sing., instr.] (New, but
derived from the extant verb)
síreraun - one [2nd decl., aff., sing., instr.]

(Changing definite "chau" to indefinite "sau" would change the
meaning of the sentence to "I drank one gulp of tea.")

>   3. steep / brew
>       She used to steep the tea for 10 minutes, but she steeped this cup
>for only 7 minutes.
ktöfel - steep, brew, infuse (New)

San lé chö chabsöt söik ngutsöid mnötöid srem ba ktöfel tsobal, arkfö
san lé chí bestölsín hengelín söik ngutsöid zhöshetöid öiü srem
ktöfel.

san - she [aff., nom]
söik - some (indef. art.) [3rd decl., aff., pl.]
ngutsöid - minute [3rd decl., aff., pl., postpositional]
mnötöid - ten [3rd decl., aff., pl., post.]
srem - for (ref. to duration of time)
arkfö - but
chí - the [6th decl., aff., sing.]
bestölsín - cup [6th decl., aff., sing., instr.]
hengelín - this [6th decl., aff., sing., instr.]
zhöshetöid - seven [3rd decl., aff., pl., post.]
öiü - only

>   4. pastry / biscuits / cookies
>       She had pastry with her coffee once.
>       She had pastry with her coffee every day.
kfíöshalers - cookie, biscuit

San lé sau kfíöshalersaut chö kawabsöb shut sírü glozh.

kfíöshalersaut - cookie [2nd decl., aff., sing., acc.]
kawabsöb - coffee [1st decl., aff., sing., post.]
shut - with
sírü - once
glozh - eat

San lé sau kfíöshalersaut chö kawabsöb shut fandaltha-u glozh.

fandaltha-u - everyday ("che fandalthsev" is also possible here)

>   5. milk
>       She doesn't take milk in her tea.
ngurs - milk

Sap la fau ngumsaut vö chakhsöv hin.

sap - she [neg., nom]
la - present aux.
fau - a, some [2nd decl., neg., sing.]
ngumsaut - milk [2nd decl., neg., sing., acc]
vö - the [1st decl., neg., sing.]
chakhsöv - tea [1st decl., neg., sing., locative]
hin - use

>   6. bitter
>       The coffee was very bitter today.
>       The coffee was bitter every day.
örzeb - bitter

Chö kawabs lé che hengedalthsev örzeb theu nöi.

che - the [7th decl., aff., sing.]
hengedalthsev - today [7th decl., aff., sing., loc.]
örzeb - bitter [1st decl., aff., sing., nom.]
theu - very
nöi - be

Chö kawabs lé che fandalthsev örzeb theu nöi.

fandalthsev - every day [7th decl., aff., sing., loc.]

>   7. sweet
>       He likes his tea too strong and too sweet for us.
talsengeb - sweet (because one has added sugar, like a confection or a bonbon)
belíerab - sweet (naturally, like a peach or a bell pepper)

Söb la chö chabsöt makhlamal talsengeb rhöseu zhö íédeshnöb rhöseu fautail.

söb - he [aff., nom.]
makhlamal - us [aff., pl., dat.]
talsengeb - sweet [1st decl., aff., sing., nom.]
rhöseu - too
zhö - and
íédeshnöb - strong [1st decl., aff., sing., nom] (ref. to coffee,
cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
fautail - like

>   8. wired / the feeling obtained after drinking 43 cups of coffee
>       That guy is wired! He drinks too much coffee.
pengöb - excited

Chö dhaubs helkeb la pengöb rhöseu nöi! Söb la sö kawabsöt eszgauböt
rhöseu frozh.

dhaubs - man [1st decl., aff., sing., nom.]
helkeb - that [1st decl., aff., sing., nom.]
pengöb - excited [1st decl., aff., sing., nom.]
rhöseu - too
ezgauböt - much [1st decl., aff., sing., acc.}

>   9. mellow / calm / soothing (of music)
>        The music they play is too mellow for my taste.
gnözhen - calm (v.), soothe, so
gnözhenalöb - calming, soothing

Cha ösevöns la, chanat rheth la hezheshöth sho, chí lémníelsíb
sítelíb ésh gnözhenalön rhöseu nöi.

cha - the [4th decl., aff., sing.]
ösevöns - music [4th decl., aff., sing., nom.]
chanat - who/which/that [4th decl., aff., sing., acc.]
rheth - they [pl., nom.]
hezheshöth - play
sho - marks end of subordinate clause
lémníelsíb - taste [6th decl., aff., sing., post.] (used newly in this sense)
sítelíb - my [6th decl., aff., sing., post.]
ésh - according to
gnözhenalön - soothing [4th decl., aff., sing., nom.]

>   10. street vendor / coffee house / tea bar / the culturally appropriate
>place to buy a cup of tea or coffee
>        That street vendor always had the best tea, but then his wife left him.
kawadhals - coffee house, coffee shop, café
chadhals - tea house, tea shop
dhégürhals - manager
pwéls - owner

Chí pwéls chí chadhalsís helkelís lé chö chabsöt zçalíkfoshköböt éhö
íömé ktöfel, arkfö cha írévens lé söböt mente panten.

pwéls - owner [6th decl., aff., sing., nom.]
chadhalsís - tea house [6th decl., aff., sing., gen.]
helkelís - that [6th decl., aff., sing., gen.]
zçalíkfoshköböt - good [1st decl., aff., sing., acc.]
éhö - most
íömé - always
írévens - wife (of heterosexual couple) [4th decl., aff., sing., nom.]
söböt - him [aff., acc.]
mente - then
panten - leave (a person) (New)


>   [p.s. In honor of my becoming the manager of the grad student coffee
>house on campus. Yay!]
Congrats! and Thanks!

Kou