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Re: 'together vs. to gather'

From:Roger Mills <romilly@...>
Date:Saturday, January 17, 2004, 23:05
For what it's worth, here's the etymology acc'g to Shorter OED:

"OE tógædere, tógadore...TO prep. + gædre-- *gaduri : orig. locative or
instr. of *gador, -ur, OE geador 'together' whence also gaderian 'to
gather'...."

In the "state - inchoative - causative" system which which I view verbs, one
might say that "together" is the stative form--

"The knights are together in the courtyard" (syn. with 'the knights // have
come ~have been brought // together'-- perfective? A state.)

Then the inchoative form (begin to..., become...ed) would be intrans.
gather--

"The knights gathered in the courtyard" (syn. with 'the knights // came
~brought themselves // together'-- imperfective?? also implied reflexive or
middle voice. A process.  Note that both the stative and inchoative
_require_ a plural [+count +pl]  or mass noun [-count] subject [patient])

And the causative form is trans. gather--

"Henry (or, plural, Henry and John) gathered the knights in the courtyard"
(i.e. Henry/they caused the knights to gather ~become gathered (together).
A result. The subject [agent] may be +count (sg./pl), the object [patient]
must still be either [-count] or [+count +pl].)

ObConlang:  I have to confess, however, that in Kash I don't (yet) have this
tri-partite version:  canga is the intrans 'to gather, assemble', with caus.
runjanga 'to gather (s.t.)-- of animates'.  There has never been a word
meaning simply "together", though several other verbs include it in their
meaning.  This probably needs work. At the moment, I can't easily say "Henry
and Mary are together [i.e. with each other]" or "Henry and Mary were
together for five years", nor "A lot of dust has gathered under the bed",
nor "He gathered up the crumbs under the table".  Actually for the last two,
I guess _volu_ would work, but it connotes "gathering/amassing together for
a purpose".