Re: DECAL: Examples #4: Interesting Sentences

Xinkùtlan sentences
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Sentence 1- Prototypical (from the Babel text)
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Latin Transcription:
èhu enamùtl tlàxaq nai ùtlil àcil dzòilab sacùnil.

CXS Transcription:
E'hu Enamu'tK tla'tSaq naj u'tKil a'Sil dzo'Ilab saSu'nil.

Morphemic breakdown:
èhu en.am.utl tlàxaq nai utl.il ac.il dzòi.il.ab se.acùn.il

Gloss:
now LPT.H.speak world all speech.P one.P word.P.with G.common.P

Affixes:
G- Gerundive:    se-
LPT- Legendary Past:   en-
H- Habitual:    am-
P- Patientive*:    -il
with:      -ab

*(This is probably misnamed, as it functions more as an oblique case marker)

Translation:
Now all the world had one speech with common words.

Notes:
No articles
VSO word order (except for adjectives)
Adjectives are stative verbs, usually in the gerundive, following the head
Agentive case is unmarked
Patientive case must be marked on all modifiers of the head in question



Sentence 2- Complex (from the Dzàra Kexìn, the Saga of Origins)
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Latin Transcription:
enpìlen Petètlac itl imùcuzab seinàzukab, enbèpamil Nàzikal adzàpal
sekuìxuxikaluz.

CXS Transcription:
Enpi'lEn pEte'tKaS itK Imu'Suzab sejna'zukub, Enbe'pamil na'zIkal adza'pal
sekwi"tSutSIkaluz'.

Morphemic breakdown:
en.pìlen Petètl.ac itl imùc.uz.ab se.en.nàzu.ìka.ab, en.bèpa.im.il
Nàz.ìka.il adzàpa.il se.kuìxu.ix.ìka.il.uz

Gloss:
LPT.find King.1 person 3sgl(hon).from.with G.LPT.land.3pl(an).with,
LPT.big.more.P Land.3pl(an).P island.P G.know.PSS.3pl(an).P.from

Affixes:
G- Gerundive:    se-
LPT- Legendary Past:   en-
3pl(an)- 3rd pers. pl. (animate): -ìka
P- Patientive*:    -il
PSS- Passive:    -ix
more:      -im
from:      -uz
with:      -ab

*See note in sentence 1 on naming of Patientive marker

Literal Translation:
Found First King with his people when they landed, larged more Nazika than
their known islands.

Free Translation:
When First King and his people landed, they found Nazika to be much larger
than the islands they knew.

Notes:
"Nàzika" is the name of the landmass on which the Xinkùtlan live.
Comparatives are formed with a verb-modifying affix.
Passive voice is rare; there is also an antipassive particle.



Sentence 3- Telling/Interesting
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Latin Transcription:
neikènixudix nai suropòr.

CXS Transcription:
nejkEn"ItSu'dItS naj suropor'.

Morphemic breakdown:
nei.ken.ix.ud.ix nai se.ur.opòr

Gloss:
NF.see.PSS.CAUS.PSS all G.RPT.be_covered

Affixes:
NF- Near Future:    nei-
RPT- Recent Past:    ur-
G- Gerundive:    se-
PSS- Passive:    -ix
CAUS- Causative/Antipassive:  -ud

Literal Translation:
Caused to be seen shall be all (that was) covered

Free Translation:
All that is hidden will be revealed.

Notes:
Note the duplication of the passive particle and its appearance with the
causative.

sekèn -  to see
sekènix -  to be seen
sekènud -  to cause to see
sekènixud -  to cause to be seen (ie to reveal)
sekènudix -  to be caused to see (ie to be shown)
sekènixudix - to be caused to be seen (ie to be revealed)



Sentence 4- Choice
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Latin Transcription:
seràta elkènir llànal kiruànil selilùtlil.

CXS Transcription:
sera'ta Elke'nir Ka'nal kIrwa'nIl selIlu'tKil.

Morphemic breakdown:
se.ràta el.ken.ir llàna.il kir.uan.il se.el.il.utl.il

Gloss:
G.look_up IPT.see.1sgl woman.P 1sgl.to.P G.IPT.C.speak.P

Affixes:
G- Gerundive:    se-
IPT- Immediate Past:   el-
C- Continuous:    il-
P- Patientive:    -il
1sgl- 1st Pers Sing:   -ir

Literal Translation:
Looking up I saw the woman to me speaking.

Free Translation:
I looked up and saw the woman who was speaking to me.

Notes:
Note the two /il/ particles.  The continuous particle always occurs before
the stem, and the patientive marker always after it.