Re: Play the *junctions-game!

On 3/20/06, taliesin the storyteller <taliesin-conlang@...> wrote:


> * to come up with a minimum set of words per line: do we really need
>  both "however" and "although"?
It's best to give the full set of English words that correspond to
the conlang junction-word you're defining, so a search for any
relevant English conjunction or adverb etc. will find the conlang's
appropriate junction-word.

> We're after junctions, so make sure the synonyms can be used in the
> context "X junction Y" or "junction X Y" or other possibilities, where
> X and Y are both clauses (sentences).
>
> I'll start with an example line, with a name already:
>
> Adversatives: but, however, nevertheless, although, even so, still, yet
Some of these are complements of each other, e.g.,
A but B == B although A

> 1) anyway, anyhow, at any rate, in any case, in any event
Can act as conjunctives, but also as stand-alone adverbials.

> 2) as a result, consequently
> 5) hence, therefore, thus
2 is a more specific version of of 5, I think.

> 6) indeed, so, and so, and then
I'm not sure "indeed" belongs with the others.
The others belong with #5 and/or #2.
"Indeed" can be an adverb with no connective role,
or it can maybe server as an equivalent of "and"
which strongly emphasizes the truth of one of the
two statements linked.

> 7) instead, alternatively, as an alternative, or else, rather
Add "but rather"

> 8) in the meantime, meanwhile
...and simply "while".

> 4) furthermore, in addition, also
> 3) besides, also, as well, in any case, likewise, too
> 9) moreover, what is more
These three groups are pretty close in meaning - I use one
adverb "mew" (too, also, even) for most of them in gzb.
This adverb can apply to the main verb in one of the clauses
or sentences linked by one of the more basic conjunctions
(usually the second).

"and even" goes with this group, maybe, with a +mirative
marking of the second clause.

G. K. Chesterton cites a silly inconsequential use of
"and even" in some newspaper of his day -- it was
talking about the Holy See's relations with the Eastern
Catholic or Uniate churches, and said that it tolerates
"strange heresies and even bearded and wedded clergy".
Pragmatically, "and even" implies that the second clause
is more surprising or shocking than the first, which
in this instance is absurd (not to mention the placement
of the second "and" which seems to make "a beard
as important as a wife and more important than a false
doctrine").

http://www.dur.ac.uk/martin.ward/gkc/books/The_Thing.txt

--
Jim Henry
http://www.pobox.com/~jimhenry/gzb/gzb.htm

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