Re: meanings not in english

   >  > While I'm agnostic on whether it's more useful for a language to
   >  > encode intention or effect, my understanding is that the words
   >  > "malicious" and "malice" explicitly refer to to intent, so there's no
   >  > such thing as a "malicious effect" in standard English.
   >  >
   >
   >  Yes.  Of course, 'beneficial' refers solely to effect, so, in theory, a lie
   >  could be both malicious and beneficial, or neither.
   -------Original Message-------

so there are two measurements here:

benevolent vs. malicious
beneficial vs. harmful

and four combinations:

benevolent and beneficial (results in intended good effects)
benevolent and harmful (results in unintended bad effects)
malicious and beneficial (results in unintended good effects)
malicious and harmful (results in intended bad effects)

--
Garrett Jones
http://www.alkaline.org

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