di-2002.9.22.15.40.49(+1)-i Tim May <butsuri@...>-ad kurti:
> As previously mentioned, I've been reading H.A. Jäschke's "Tibetan
> Grammar" (1883). In the appendix are "A collection of phrases from
> daily life, in the modern dialects, romanized". Some of them are
> rather strange, and I present them here both as an insight into how
> the author may have envisioned his 19th century readers spending
> their
> time in Tibet, and as a translation exercise for those whose conlangs
> are more complete than mine.
>
> (I won't include the Tibetan translations, unless anyone really wants
> them - too difficult to transcribe his orthography.)
here's for kinsi rorotan. i'm going to assume that all the people
involved are male.
> Where do you come from?
wokani antam nadas?
[w@"xane "anTam "naDas]
GEN.<interrogative>.NEUT.AGNT come.PRES.PERF 2s.MASC.AGNT
> Who are you?
nadas kanas?
["naDas "xanas]
2s.MASC.AGNT <interrogative>.MASC.AGNT
> Whose (man, servant) are you?
ikandas nado?
[e"xaDas "nan@]
DAT.<interrogative>.MASC.PAT 2s.INF
> What is your name?
karkani ynatas?
["xar%xane i"naTas]
name.<interrogative>.NEUT.AGNT DAT.2s.PAT
> Where is your house?
dikani tirnado?
[De"xane "Ter\%naD@]
LOC.<interrogative>.NEUT.AGNT home.2s.INF
> Why do you come? (What do you want?)
ikanes antam nadas?
[e"xadEs "anTam "naDas]
DAT.<interrogative>.NEUT.PAT come.PRES.PERF 2s.MASC.AGNT
> Why are you here?
ikanes nadarena?
[e"xadEs "naDa%r\Ena]
DAT.<interrogative>.NEUT.PAT 2s.this.PRES
> I sit here to watch.
dereni ikojes tusod endas.
[DE"r\Ene e"xojEs "T1s@D "EnDas]
LOC.this.NEUT.AGNT DAT.watch.NEUT.PAT sit.INF.CONT 1s.MASC.AGNT
> What is the name of this village?
karkani iterorenes?
["xar%xane e"TEr\@%r\EnEs]
name.<interrogative>.NEUT.AGNT DAT.town.this.NEUT.PAT
> Have you any errand (business)?
kuri ynatas?
[x1r\e i"naTas]
kur(not sure how to translate).NEUT.AGNT DAT.2s.MASC.PAT
> Not any; I have come to no purpose.
ezes, ikurazes antam endas.
[EZEs ex1r\aZEs anTam EnDas]
DAT.NEG.NEUT.PAT, DAT.kur.NEG.NEUT.PAT come.PRES.PERF 1s.AGNT
> Then go home to eat (drink) your soup.
inardi sares ronadas ikores nadas ysitira nadas natas.
[e"narDe "sar\Es r\@naDas e"x@r\Es nadas yse"Ter\@ "naDas "naTas]
DAT.that.NEUT.PAT soup/stew.NEUT.PAT GEN.2s.MASC.AGNT
DAT.eat/drink.NEUT.PAT 2s.MASC.AGNT IMP.home.PRES 2s.MASC.AGNT
2s.MASC.PAT
that was a hard one!
> Yes: please give me some medecine.
ko keres ysentesa intas.
[x@ "xEr\Es i"sEn%TEsa "enTas]
please medicine.PAT IMP.come.NEUT.PAT.PRES DAT.1s.MASC.PAT
> I am ill (I have got, am befallen with, an illness).
kunaza entas.
["x1n%aZa "EnTas]
feel_well.NEG.PRES 1s.MASC.PAT
> I feel pain.
mora entas.
["m@r\a "EnTas]
pain.PRES 1s.MASC.PAT
> Where?
dikani?
[De"xane]
LOC.<interrogative>.NEUT.AGNT
> In the stomach.
dikoti
[Dex@Te]
LOC.stomach.NEUT.AGNT
> I have headache.
dimaki mora entas.
[De"maxe "m@r\a "EnTas]
LOC.head.NEUT.AGNT pain.PRES 1s.MASC.PAT
> We should have taken a walk, but it is too hot.
amakazin naras, tasa kada.
[ama"xaZen "nar\as ta"sa "xaDa]
OBL.walk.PAST.PERF 1pl.MASC.AGNT, but hot.PRES
> Take this!
aranes ysijefa!
["ar\anEs ise"jEfa]
this.NEUT.PAT IMP.take.PRES
> Take this with (you)!
aranes ysijefa dinadas!
["ar\anEs ise"jEfa DenaDas]
this.NEUT.PAT IMP.take.PRES LOC.2s.AGNT
> Bring this!
arenes ysentesa.
[a"r\EnEs is"EnTEsa]
this.NEUT.PAT IMP.come.NEUT.PAT.PRES
> How shall I do this?
vokani amareno endas?
[v@"xane ama"r\Eno EnDas]
INSTR.<interrogative>.NEUT.AGNT OBL.do.FUT 1s.MASC.AGNT
> You must not do it in this way.
yserenaza mat nadas.
[isEr\EnaZa maT naDas]
IMP.do.NEG.PRES mat 2s.MASC.AGNT
mat = in this way
> I want some more milk.
mekes suv zosa endas.
["mExEs s1v z@sa EnDas]
milk.NEUT.PAT more want.PRES 1s.MASC.AGNT
> Clean this!
arenes ysimepa!
[a"r\EnEs ise"mEp\a]
this.NEUT.PAT IMP.clean.PRES
> Wash it with sand!
ysimepa vokazi!
[ise"mEp\a v@"xaZe]
IMP.clean.PRES INSTR.sand.NEUT.AGNT
> Give me some water, please!
bades ysentesa intas, ko!
["BaDEs ys"EnTEsa enTas x@]
water.NEUT.PAT IMP.come.NEUT.PAT.PRES DAT.1s.MASC.PAT, please
> Are (your) hands clean?
wati mep?
[waTe mEp\]
hands.NEUT.AGNT clean
> Filter the milk through the filtering cloth!
mekes ysimepa vomepseri
["mExEs ise"mEp\a v@mEp\sEre]
milk.NEUT.PAT IMP.clean.PRES INSTR.clean.cloth.NEUT.AGNT
> Put the little stove there!
sotjeves ysizyma dinardi!
["s@T%jEvEs ise"Zima De"nar\De]
stove.little.NEUT.PAT IMP.put.PRES LOC.that.NEUT.AGNT
> Put the pot (_degc`i_) down on the ground!
naves ysizyma ditari!
["navEs ise"Zima De"Tar\e]
stove.little.NEUT.PAT IMP.put.PRES LOC.ground.NEUT.AGNT
> Put the pot near the fire!
naves ysizyma deresati!
["navEs ise"Zima DE"r\EsaTe]
stove.little.NEUT.PAT IMP.put.PRES LOC.near.fire.NEUT.AGNT
> Take it off!
ysijefa!
[ise"jEfa]
IMP.take.PRES
> As soon as the sun sets, light a fire!
soz satadas viza, sates ysisata!
[s@Z "saTaDas "veZa "saTEs ise"saTa]
when sun.MASC.PAT hide.PRES, fire.NEUT.PAT IMP.light.PRES
> Go to fetch the china!
synes enteses ysirafa!
["sinEs "EnTEsEs ise"r\afa]
china.NEUT.PAT DAT.come.NEUT.PAT.NEUT.PAT IMP.go.PRES
> Come to take away - -.
- - ijefes ysenta.
[- - e"jEfEs is"EnTa]
- - DAT.take.NEUT.PAT IMP.come.PRES
> If you wash with cold water, the china does not become clean; wash it
> well with some hot (water)!
vobadmysi, synes mepazo; ysivobadsata!
[v@"BaD%mise sinEs mEp\aZ@ isev@BaDsaTa]
INSTR.water.cold.NEUT.AGNT, china.NEUT.PAT clean.NEG.FUT;
IMP.INSTR.water.hot.PRES
> Unless all the work is done, don't go! (or) you must not go.
tasa kuri jys, ysirafaza!
["Tasa "x1r\e jis, iser\afaZa]
but kur.NEUT.AGNT complete, IMP.go.NEG.PRES
> Shall I make the table ready?
pades yserta endas?
["p\aDEs is"Er\Ta "EnDas]
table.NEUT.PAT IMP.prepare.PRES 1s.MASC.AGNT
> Yes; lay (spread) the cloth!
seres ysizyma!
["sEr\Es ise"Zima]
cloth.NEUT.PAT IMP.put.PRES
> Is there much water in the teapot, or little?
badi wiz ditypa, sa badi jev?
["BaDe weZ De"Tip\a sa "BaDe jEv]
water.NEUT.AGNT much LOC.teapot.PRES, or water.NEUT.AGNT little
> (But) a little.
badi jev.
["BaDe jEv]
water.NEUT.AGNT little
> Fill the teapot with water, and bring it!
bades ysizyma ditypi, da ysentesa!
["BaDEs ise"Zima De"Tip\e Da ys"EnTEsa]
water.NEUT.PAT IMP.put.PRES LOC.teapot.NEUT.AGNT, and
IMP.come.NEUT.PAT.PRES
> The kettle leaks.
ky sedi fosa.
[xi "sEDe "f@sa]
the kettle.NEUT.AGNT leak.PRES
> It must be soldered (fastened with pewter).
ysimisa.
[ise"mesa]
IMP.fix.PRES
> Take it to the blacksmith's.
ysijefa dinavmisas.
[ise"jEfa De"nav%mesas]
IMP.take.PRES LOC.blacksmith.MASC.AGNT
> The tumbler (glass-cup) has got a crack.
kynki inyves.
["xinxe e"nivEs]
crack.NEUT.AGNT DAT.cup.NEUT.PAT
> Unless I tell you, do not bring wood!
tasa kinsa natas endas, kuzes ysentesa!
["Tasa "xensa "naTas "EnDas "x1ZEs ys"EnTEsa]
but tell.PRES 2s.MASC.PAT 1s.MASC.AGNT, wood.NEUT.PAT
IMP.come.NEUT.PAT.PRES
> When master commands, I shall bring.
soz wodas kinsyserena, ysenteso endas.
[s@Z "w@Das "xensis"Er\Ena is"EnTEs@ "EnDas]
when master.MASC.AGNT say.IMP.this.PRES, IMP.come.NEUT.PAT.FUT
1s.MASC.AGNT
> What did you say, sir (did the gentleman say)?
kanes kinsi nadas, vasas?
["xanEs xense naDas vasas]
<interrogative>.NEUT.PAT say.PAST 2s.MASC.AGNT, sir.MASC.AGNT
> Don't cast it away! Do not let it slip!
ysizyfaza! ysifosaza!
[ise"ZifaZa ise"f@saZa]
IMP.throw.NEG.PRES IMP.drop.NEG.PRES
> Take care! Cautiously!
ysisisa!
[ise"sesa]
IMP.careful.PRES
> You must not press!
ysikomaza!
[ise"x@maZa]
IMP.press.NEG.PRES
> Put by the remainder the remainder of the rice!
tases rorysi ysizyma ditasi!
["TasEs r\@"r\ise ise"Zima DeTase]
remainder.NEUT.PAT GEN.rice.NEUT.AGNT IMP.put.PRES
LOC.remainder.NEUT.AGNT
> There is no remainder, nothing is left.
tasi aza, ki aza.
["Tase "aZa xe "aZa]
remainder.NEUT.AGNT NEG, thing.NEUT.AGNT NEG
> Do not let the milk run over!
mekes ysifosaza!
["mExEs ise"f@saZa]
milk.NEUT.PAT IMP.spill.NEG.PRES
> Not cutting the liver, bring it as a whole!
kuses ysizomaza, ysentesa jys!
["k1sEs ise"Z@maZa is"EnTEsa jis]
liver.NEUT.PAT IMP.cut.NEG.PRES, IMP.come.NEUT.PAT.PRES complete
> Peel the potatoes, and cut them in pieces!
madin ysizipa, da ysizoma!
["maDen ise"Zep\a Da ise"Z@ma]
potato.NEUT.PLUR.PAT IMP.peel.PRES, and IMP.cut.PRES
> Don't tarry much!
ysitusa azawiz!
[ise"T1sa "aZa%weZ]
IMP.tus(not sure how to translate).PRES NEG.much
> Come soon!
ysenta fy!
[is"EnTa fi]
IMP.come.PRES soon
> 1. Do not forget! 2. (I) did not forget.
1. ysikarnazaza! 2. karnazazi endas.
1. [ise"xar\na%ZaZa] 2. ["xar\na%ZaZe "EnDas]
1. IMP.remember.NEG.NEG.PRES 2. remember.NEG.NEG.PAST 1s.MASC.AGNT
> Can you remember it (bear it in mind)?
karnes aska nadas?
["xar\nEs "asxa "naDas]
remember.NEUT.PAT able.PRES 2s.MASC.AGNT
> You must bear it in mind, (make it certain).
ysikarna nadas.
[ise"xar\na "naDas]
IMP.remember.PRES 2s.MASC.AGNT
> Go in! Come in!
ysirafa! ysenda!
[ise"r\afa] [is"EnDa]
IMP.go.PRES IMP.come.PRES
> Go (or come) in, sir!
ysirafa (sa ysenda), vasas!
[ise"r\afa sa is"EnDa "vasas]
IMP.go.PRES (or IMP.come.PRES), sir.MASC.AGNT
> Sit down!
ysivona!
[ise"v@na]
IMP.sit.PRES
> Please sit down, sir!
ko ysivona, vasas!
[x@ ise"v@na "vasas]
please IMP.sit.PRES, sir.MASC.AGNT
finally! i thought this thing would never end!
> If you've found this entertaining, you may also enjoy Mark
> Rosenfelder's _They Thought You'd Say This: Unlikely phrases from
> real
> phrasebooks_, here:
http://www.zompist.com/thought.html