theta roles and ergativity in a fairly isolating new language [longish]
From: | Joe Mondello <joemond@...> |
Date: | Wednesday, October 16, 2002, 0:11 |
First off, Hello, my name is Joe Mondello and I have lurked on this list for
years. I am writing today because I have a dilemma. In my current conlang,
I have been grappling with the question of intention. I will use the word
súdo "find" as an example. I wished to distinguish between finding through
the process of searching (i.e. subject as agent) and finding by chance
(subject as experiencer). The structure I have come up with is essentially
Agent-Verb-Experiencer-Theme:
nu súdo-ka pi bráme.
1s find-Perf. Det horse.
I've found the horse (by searching, in the process of looking for it).
súdo-ka nu (pi) bráme
find-Perf 1s (Det) horse
I've happened upon a(the) horse
The matter becomes fairly confused when dealing with subordinate clauses:
ki nu [(nu) súdo pi brame]
ki nu súdo pi brame
hope I find Det horse
I hope I find (by looking) the horse
ki mo nu-z [nu súdo zúyo]
hope mother 1s-Gen [1s find work]
My mother hopes I find work
Thus far I think this is fairly reasonable. The hairy part is that when the
subject of the subordinate clause is the experiencer, the subject and verb
of the main clause follw the verb of the subordinate clause (follwing
this?), e.g.:
súdo-ga ki mo slívil-o
find-Fut hope 1s money-PL
I hope I will find/happen upon a substantial sum of money.
Is there anything similar to this structure? It comes from the
proto-languages treatment of the intransitive verb, which i think may be
considered ergative. the subject of the intransitive verb follows the verb
like the object of a transitive verb, but there is no overt marking, so we
have a situation as follows:
[protolanguage]
no sutu bradmay
I seek horse
I am looking for a/the horse
ta bradmay
big horse
the horse is big
from this structure, more complex ones came about:
du-ko no [ta bradmay]
cause-Past 1s [big horse]
bradmay ta-go
horse big-be
the horse that is big
Which led to intransitive verbs becoming causatives and relative clauses
becoming adjectival verbs:
[daughter language]
nu ta-m pi brame-vo nu-z
1s enlarge-Prog Det horse-Pl 1s-Gen
I'm fattening up my horses
brame-vo nu-z tayo
horse-Pl 1s-Gen big
My horses are large
This type of language is somewhat new to me from a design point of view, so
I look forward to any feedback.
Joe Mondello