a bit of warNalyaN

Well here is what I have for warNalyaN q@l@ (i spelt it wrong in the
previous post =/ )

Phonetics:

vowels:

a o u @ i

a: when stressed, like Hungarian /a/ (IPA script a - ascii?);
   unstressed, ascii /a/

o: stressed, /o/
   unstressed, /C/ (if thats the ascii for IPA open o (reverse c)

u: stressed, /u/
   unstressed, /@/

@: stressed, lowered E (Ascii?)
   unstressed, /@/

i: stressed, /i/
   unstressed, IPA barred i (Ascii?)

Since the difference is allophonic, I generally write using the stressed
symbol. A script is in development.

Consonants:

(where there is a y or w following a consonant, that is IPA raised small y
or w - ascii?)

h - hy - hw
k - ky - kw
w
m - my - mw
r - ry
y
n - ny - nw
l - ly
s - sy - sw
t - ty - tw
N - Nw
ll (welsh ll - ascii?)
p - py - pw
q - qw (bloody hell...the one below velar...i forget...)

ch - chw (ch = tS)
fsh - fshw (fsh = fS)
ps - psy - psw
nd - ndy - ndw
mb - mby - mbw

DERIVATION

NOUNS FROM NOUNS

Augmentative: -hya
        /to/ "lake" ~ /tohya/ "(inland) sea"

Diminutive I: -ko
        /to/ "lake" ~ /toko/ "pond, pool"

Diminutive II: - kocha
        /to/ "lake" ~ /tokocha/ "puddle"

(any suggestions on other N > N derivations?)

NOUNS FROM VERBS

process of an action: -wa
        /maqak/ "to hunt" ~ /maqawa/ "the hunt, hunting"

nomina loci praetenti: - mya
        /y@mak/ "to dwell, to reside" ~ /y@mamya/ "former place of
residence"

nomina loci actionis communis: -lawa
        /kun@k/ "to sleep" ~ /kun@lawa/ "bedroom"

result of an action: -pso
        /kuryuk/ "to sing" ~ /kuryupso/ "song"

means of an action: -fsha
        /qausy@k/ "to paint" ~ /qausy@fsha/ "paintbrush"

place of an action: -lya
        /y@mak/ "to dwell, to reside" ~ /y@malya/ "home, place of
residence"

ADJECTIVES FROM NOUNS

temporal: -ch
        /nara/ "summer" ~ /narach/ "summer-"
                /narach ndi/ "summer day"
        this is only used with nouns denoting a period of time

nomina possessoris: -N
        /asili/ "moss" ~ /asiliN/ "mossy"

caritive: -tal
        /yi/ "water" ~ /yital/ "waterless, arid, dry"

nomina possessi I: -ki
        /fsho/ "coast, shore" ~ /fshoki/ "coastal"

nomina possessi II: -ll@
        /hwa/ "morning" ~ /hwall@/ "morning (adj)"

similarity: -lawa
        /ps@/ "dog" ~ /ps@lawa/ "doglike"

having the quality indicated by the base noun: -lyaN
        /pa/ "wood, tree" ~ /palyaN/ "wooden"

-ern: -n@y
        /N@r@/ "north" /N@r@n@y/ "northern"

ADJECTIVES FROM ADJECTIVES

augmentative: -hya
        /pury@N/ "fast" ~ /puryeNhya/ "very fast"

diminutive: -ko
        /pury@N/ "fast" ~ /puryeNko/ "allegretto, fastish"

"rather": -mboy
        /pury@N/ "fast" ~ /pury@Nmboy/ "rather fast"

comparative: -qwa
        /pury@N/ "fast" ~ /pury@Nqwa/ "faster"

superlative: -ndu
        /pury@N/ "fast" ~ /pury@Nndu/ "fastest"

hyperlative: -NayaN
        /pury@N/ "fast" ~ /pury@NNayaN/ "fastest of all"

ADJECTIVES FROM VERBS

-ous, -some, etc: -kwik
        /kun@k/ "to sleep" ~ /kun@kwik/ "sleepy"

adjectives derived from verbs of being: -ryun
        /nyallak/ "to be angry" ~ /nyallaryun/ "angry"

present participle: -twaq
        /kun@k/ "to sleep" ~ /kun@twaq/ "sleeping"
                /kun@twaq quma/ "sleeping man"

past participle: -w@y
        /kun@k/ "to sleep" ~ /kun@w@y/ "who had been sleeping"
                /kun@w@y quma/ "man who had been sleeping"

participle of necessity: -manda
        /kun@k/ "to sleep" ~ /kun@manda/ "who has to sleep"
                /kun@manda quma/ "man who has to sleep"

ADVERBS FROM NUMERALS

distributive: -lat
        /ty@t/ "four" ~ /ty@tlat/ "in fours"

ordinal: -wim
        /ty@t/ "four" ~ /ty@twim/ "fourth"

NUMERALS FROM NUMERALS

approximative: -syan
        /ty@t/ "four" ~ /ty@tsyan/ "about four"

NOUNS FROM NUMERALS:

collective: -N@
        /ty@t/ "four" ~ /ty@tN@/ "a group of four"

VERBS FROM NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

-lla-: /yabu/ "happiness" ~ /yabullak/ "to be happy"

-ta-: /lamba/ "ski" ~ /lambatak/ "to ski"

-ty@-: /@fshu/ "name" ~ /@fshuty@k/ "to name"

-sy@-: /sw@/ "eye" ~ /sw@sy@k/ "to see"

-ha-: /Nagi/ "step" ~ /Nagihak/ "to (take a) step"

VERBS FROM VERBS

transitive from intransitive:
        I: -Nwo-
        /yabullak/ "to be happy" ~ /yabullaNwok/ "to please,to make happy"

        II: -chw@-
        /ndombak/ "to be taken" ~ /ndombachw@k/ "to catch"

        III: -lyawa-
        /lowok/ "to learn" ~ /lowolyawak/ "to teach"

        IV: -ry@-
        /sumumuk/ "to be boiling" ~ /sumumury@k/ "to cook, to boil (tr)"

        V: -raka-
        /salimak/ "to come" ~ /salimarakak/ "to lead"

        VI: -ky@wa-
        /putak/ "to be scattered" ~ /putaky@wak/ "to scatter about"

continuative: -Nuwo-
        /lowok/ "to learn" ~ /lowoNuwok/ "to be learning"

passive from active: -mba-
        /ndok/ "to take" ~ /ndombak/ "to be taken"

frequentative I: -rulu-
        /lowok/ "to learn" ~ /loworuluk/ "to study"

frequentative II: -Nwaya-
        /alimak/ "to go to bed" ~ /alimaNwayak/ "to be used to going to
bed"
        /mukwak/ "to sink" ~ /mukwaNwayak/ "to sink (said of a large
number of cases)"

habitual: -sy@ti-
        /sarahak/ "to work" ~ /sarahasy@tik/ "to usually work"

momentaneous: -halya-
        /ndok/ "to take" ~ /ndohalyak/ "to take once"

diminutive: -yitw@-
        /kun@k/ "to sleep" ~ /kun@yitw@k/ "to nap, to sleep a little"

inchoative: -lyala-
        /sarahak/ "to work" ~ /sarahalyalak/ "to start working"

reflexive: -luwu-
        /yabullaNwok/ "to please, to make happy" ~ /yabullaNwoluwuk/ "to
please oneself, to make oneself happy"

--end--

so there it is. Truth be told 99% of these derivations are from Tundra
Nenets (the Samoyedic languages are very interesting! I recommend looking
at them, especially for derivations and verbal forms).



-------ferko
Ferenc Gy. Valoczy

railways page: http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3976/
25kV 50Hz: http://www.mp3.com/25kV50Hz

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