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Re: Alborgian

From:Ingmar Roerdinkholder <ingmar.roerdinkholder@...>
Date:Friday, July 1, 2005, 8:13
I forgot a few things:

Like (some) Judeo-Moroccan, Alborgian has 1] t < emphatic d, 2]k < q,
3]loss of h, and 4]the merger of 'ayn and ghayn:

1]
tarab-i [ta"rabi] - he/she hit me;  MorArab: Dr@bni
tahek [ta"hEk] - he laughed; MorArab: D-Häk
2]
y kum [i"kum] - stand; MorArab: yqum = stand up
kambra ["kambra] - moon; MorArab q@mra
3]
oa/ia ["owa]/["ija] - he is/she is; MorArab: howwa = he, heyya = she
xar [Sar] - month; MorArab: shahr
dêb [deb] - gold; MorArab: d-häb
4]
loa ["lowa] - language, tongue; MorArab: lugha
zaïr [za"ir] - small; MorArab: sghir
and [and] - with; MorArab: '@nd

Alborgian gave up emphatic consonants all together, but they still live on
in the vowels preceding or following:

emph. cons.(incl. r, q, kh, and sometimes 'ayn, ghayn)
+Class.Arab long a: > Alb. a [a]
+Class.Arab long i: > Alb. i [i]
+Class.Arab long u: > Alb. u [u]
+Class.Arab ay (>ey)> Alb. ê [e]
+Class.Arab aw (>ow)> Alb. ô [o]
'ayn/ghayn+ long i: > Alb. ei[Ei]
'ayn/ghayn+ long u: > Alb. au[Ou]
'ayn/ghayn+ ay (>ey)> Alb. ei[Ei]
'ayn/ghayn+ aw (>ow)> Alb. au[Ou]

non-emphatic consonants
+Cl.Arab long a: > Alb. ê [e]
+Cl.Arab long i: > Alb. i [i]
+Cl.Arab long u: > Alb. û [y]   !!!
+Cl.Arab ay (>ey)> Alb. ie[jE]
+Cl.Arab aw (>ow)> Alb. eu[2]   !!!

With <û> [y] and <eu> [2] Alborgian is quite unique amongst the Arab
(derived) dialects. This may seem odd, but it is a way to compensate the
loss of emphatic consonants. We find <ö> in Jewish Moroccan dialects as
well as I wrote before, and in several Moroccan Arabic dialects there is a
tendency to pronounce <u> as [uO], "barred u" like Swedish/Norw. u in
<hus>, i.e. somewhere between [u] and [y]. Add to that the pronunciation
[y] for <u> in Southern Portuguese dialects of the Algarve, not far from
Alborgia, which were a major source of influence on the language.

The fact that Alborgian has so many features in common with Judeo-Arabic
is because of after the reconquesta just before 1500 AD, most Muslim
Alborgians left, but the Christians and most Jews were allowed to stay,
although the latter often pseudo-converted to Roman Catholicism, together
with a few Moors; both being minorities under Moorish rule, the Christian
and Jewish dialects showed many resemblance to each other.

Ingmar


On Thu, 30 Jun 2005 19:11:14 -0400, Ingmar Roerdinkholder
<ingmar.roerdinkholder@...> wrote:

>Shukran Jazilan! >Actually, there is a quite large Jewish community in E Borg Medina >(Alborgia-City), partly speaking Alborgian, partly Ladino and the most >recent immigrants from Morocco speaking Maghribi Arabiya. > >In fact, Alborgian it self, being spoken by non-Muslims, has already some >features in common with the Jewish dialects of Moroccan Arabic. > >E.g. eu [2] for ClassArab au with non-emphatic consonants, as in geuz >[Z2z] = two,MorAr. zuj [zuZ];leula ["l2la] = first (fem), MorAr. lula. >But: loa ["lowa] = language (<lugha); xorin [Su"ri~] = months (<sh-hur), >odina = ear, lehodda [l@"hod:a] = tomorrow etc, so: "o" with emphatics, r, >etc > >â [@]for ClassArab u (non-emph): e lâwel [@ "l@w@l] first (m); >kâssi ["k@s:i] everything (<kullshi); moâra [mu"@ra] = flower (<nuwwara); >xâft [S@ft] = I saw (<shuft); akâlt = I ate (<kult), but: kolt = I said >(<qult). > >The confusion between s and x [S] is a feature of both Borgi and Jewish >Maghribi as well, and the occurence of uvular r [R], in Borgi < rr. >e.g. sihed [si"hEd] = someone (<shi-Hedd), y serab [i"srab] = to drink >(<yshreb), y seri/será [i"sri] [s@"ra] = buy, bought ; > >harra ["haRa] = hot (fem) (<Harra), marra ["maRa] = twice, barra ["baRa] = >outside. > >Also t > ts/ch: >chesa ["tSEsa] = nine, hetsa ["hEtsa] = until (<Hatta), lebets [l@"bEts) = >home (<lil bait), chem [tSEm] = there, chema ["tSEma] = there is/are >(<temm(a)), y chemma [i"tSEm:a] = to call, y chellem [i"tSEl:@m] = to >speak, sets = six (<setta) > >Notice the following pronouns with and without -a suffix, dew to Port. >influence a special "to be" verb was needed: > >ien I >ent you (masc+fem!) >ô he >ei she >hena we >ento you (pl) >on they (m+f) > >onê here >chem there > >but: >iena I am >enta you are >oa he is >ia >(he)naya >(en)toma >oma (masc)/ona (fem) > >(o)nêya here is >chema there is > >past: >kânt I was >kânti you were >kên he she it was >kânna we were >kânto you were (pl) >kêno they were > >Same with "to have": >Forms with "and-" can be left out > >n'ahu (and-i) I have (<nakhud = I take, 'endi = I have, litt:with
me)
>t'ahu (and-ek) you have >y'ahu (and-o) >y'ahu (and-a) >n'ahudo (and-na) >t'ahudo (and-ko) >y'ahudo (and-on) > >past: >hot >hochi >ha >honna >hocho >hado > >Shalom, Ingmar > > >Shaul Vardi wrote: > >That's really beautiful! And Portuguese and Arabic are two of the most >attractive languages to my ear, so the combination is great. > >> Anyone familiar with (Western) Arabic dialects should >> recognize most words, and a lot of Portuguese ones as well. >> >Well I speak an Eastern dialect (Palestinian) but still did fine with >the Arab words, and the Portuguese I got from Spanish and French. > >Maybe on this island there was also a small residual Jewish community >that survived the Inquisition? If I have time, I'll try to write a song >they might have sung, in their Hebrew-colored dialect of Alborgian. > >Shaul > > >Ingmar Roerdinkholder wrote: > >>An example of Alborgian, originally a Maghrebi-Arabic dialect, comparable >>to Maltese but even more thoroughly influenced by Romance; it's the last >>treshold of Iberian Arabic, spoken by Christians on the imaginary island >>of Alborgia, South of Portugal. >> >>A short example: >> >>We nar mesih w'oliedo kal n'el abo d'o: >>Papá, en heb (en) mesí f'el alm kwir! >>Xâft youa basta d'el blêna zaïra deva. >>En soal-ek: atê-li 'l denêr-i, o ageos! >>L'abo gewab: Joan, enta l'olied'i 'l char helo. >>Iella 'l soal-ek meis fásel l'i. >>Alês la, papá? La'n kar figa onê. >> >>One good day a boy said to his father: >>Daddy, I want to go into the big world! >>I've seen enough of our little country now. >>I ask you: give me my money, and farewell! >>The father answered: John, you are my sweetest son. >>But your question isn't easy to me. >>Why not, Dad? I cannot stay here. >> >>Pronunciation: >>more or less Portuguese, so: >>-o = usually [u] >>x, -s = [S] >>ge, gi, j = [Z] >>ê = [e] >>é = [E] >>ô = [o] >>ó = [O] >> >>Anyone familiar with (Western) Arabic dialects should recognize most >words, >>and a lot of Portuguese ones as well. >> >> >>Ingmar >> >> >> >> >> >>Ingmar wrote: >>>> I made all those Artlangs because I liked it, and not because I want >>>> the world to speak them, including Middelsprake. >>Henrik wrote: >>>Wow! Many of these seem really interesting. Could you post some bits >>>and pieces to give an impression? >>========================================================================= >=========================================================================