Re: Alborgian
From: | Ingmar Roerdinkholder <ingmar.roerdinkholder@...> |
Date: | Friday, July 1, 2005, 8:13 |
I forgot a few things:
Like (some) Judeo-Moroccan, Alborgian has 1] t < emphatic d, 2]k < q,
3]loss of h, and 4]the merger of 'ayn and ghayn:
1]
tarab-i [ta"rabi] - he/she hit me; MorArab: Dr@bni
tahek [ta"hEk] - he laughed; MorArab: D-Häk
2]
y kum [i"kum] - stand; MorArab: yqum = stand up
kambra ["kambra] - moon; MorArab q@mra
3]
oa/ia ["owa]/["ija] - he is/she is; MorArab: howwa = he, heyya = she
xar [Sar] - month; MorArab: shahr
dêb [deb] - gold; MorArab: d-häb
4]
loa ["lowa] - language, tongue; MorArab: lugha
zaïr [za"ir] - small; MorArab: sghir
and [and] - with; MorArab: '@nd
Alborgian gave up emphatic consonants all together, but they still live on
in the vowels preceding or following:
emph. cons.(incl. r, q, kh, and sometimes 'ayn, ghayn)
+Class.Arab long a: > Alb. a [a]
+Class.Arab long i: > Alb. i [i]
+Class.Arab long u: > Alb. u [u]
+Class.Arab ay (>ey)> Alb. ê [e]
+Class.Arab aw (>ow)> Alb. ô [o]
'ayn/ghayn+ long i: > Alb. ei[Ei]
'ayn/ghayn+ long u: > Alb. au[Ou]
'ayn/ghayn+ ay (>ey)> Alb. ei[Ei]
'ayn/ghayn+ aw (>ow)> Alb. au[Ou]
non-emphatic consonants
+Cl.Arab long a: > Alb. ê [e]
+Cl.Arab long i: > Alb. i [i]
+Cl.Arab long u: > Alb. û [y] !!!
+Cl.Arab ay (>ey)> Alb. ie[jE]
+Cl.Arab aw (>ow)> Alb. eu[2] !!!
With <û> [y] and <eu> [2] Alborgian is quite unique amongst the Arab
(derived) dialects. This may seem odd, but it is a way to compensate the
loss of emphatic consonants. We find <ö> in Jewish Moroccan dialects as
well as I wrote before, and in several Moroccan Arabic dialects there is a
tendency to pronounce <u> as [uO], "barred u" like Swedish/Norw. u in
<hus>, i.e. somewhere between [u] and [y]. Add to that the pronunciation
[y] for <u> in Southern Portuguese dialects of the Algarve, not far from
Alborgia, which were a major source of influence on the language.
The fact that Alborgian has so many features in common with Judeo-Arabic
is because of after the reconquesta just before 1500 AD, most Muslim
Alborgians left, but the Christians and most Jews were allowed to stay,
although the latter often pseudo-converted to Roman Catholicism, together
with a few Moors; both being minorities under Moorish rule, the Christian
and Jewish dialects showed many resemblance to each other.
Ingmar
On Thu, 30 Jun 2005 19:11:14 -0400, Ingmar Roerdinkholder
<ingmar.roerdinkholder@...> wrote:
>Shukran Jazilan!
>Actually, there is a quite large Jewish community in E Borg Medina
>(Alborgia-City), partly speaking Alborgian, partly Ladino and the most
>recent immigrants from Morocco speaking Maghribi Arabiya.
>
>In fact, Alborgian it self, being spoken by non-Muslims, has already some
>features in common with the Jewish dialects of Moroccan Arabic.
>
>E.g. eu [2] for ClassArab au with non-emphatic consonants, as in geuz
>[Z2z] = two,MorAr. zuj [zuZ];leula ["l2la] = first (fem), MorAr. lula.
>But: loa ["lowa] = language (<lugha); xorin [Su"ri~] = months (<sh-hur),
>odina = ear, lehodda [l@"hod:a] = tomorrow etc, so: "o" with emphatics, r,
>etc
>
>â [@]for ClassArab u (non-emph): e lâwel [@ "l@w@l] first (m);
>kâssi ["k@s:i] everything (<kullshi); moâra [mu"@ra] = flower (<nuwwara);
>xâft [S@ft] = I saw (<shuft); akâlt = I ate (<kult), but: kolt = I said
>(<qult).
>
>The confusion between s and x [S] is a feature of both Borgi and Jewish
>Maghribi as well, and the occurence of uvular r [R], in Borgi < rr.
>e.g. sihed [si"hEd] = someone (<shi-Hedd), y serab [i"srab] = to drink
>(<yshreb), y seri/será [i"sri] [s@"ra] = buy, bought ;
>
>harra ["haRa] = hot (fem) (<Harra), marra ["maRa] = twice, barra ["baRa] =
>outside.
>
>Also t > ts/ch:
>chesa ["tSEsa] = nine, hetsa ["hEtsa] = until (<Hatta), lebets [l@"bEts) =
>home (<lil bait), chem [tSEm] = there, chema ["tSEma] = there is/are
>(<temm(a)), y chemma [i"tSEm:a] = to call, y chellem [i"tSEl:@m] = to
>speak, sets = six (<setta)
>
>Notice the following pronouns with and without -a suffix, dew to Port.
>influence a special "to be" verb was needed:
>
>ien I
>ent you (masc+fem!)
>ô he
>ei she
>hena we
>ento you (pl)
>on they (m+f)
>
>onê here
>chem there
>
>but:
>iena I am
>enta you are
>oa he is
>ia
>(he)naya
>(en)toma
>oma (masc)/ona (fem)
>
>(o)nêya here is
>chema there is
>
>past:
>kânt I was
>kânti you were
>kên he she it was
>kânna we were
>kânto you were (pl)
>kêno they were
>
>Same with "to have":
>Forms with "and-" can be left out
>
>n'ahu (and-i) I have (<nakhud = I take, 'endi = I have, litt:with
me)
>t'ahu (and-ek) you have
>y'ahu (and-o)
>y'ahu (and-a)
>n'ahudo (and-na)
>t'ahudo (and-ko)
>y'ahudo (and-on)
>
>past:
>hot
>hochi
>ha
>honna
>hocho
>hado
>
>Shalom, Ingmar
>
>
>Shaul Vardi wrote:
>
>That's really beautiful! And Portuguese and Arabic are two of the most
>attractive languages to my ear, so the combination is great.
>
>> Anyone familiar with (Western) Arabic dialects should
>> recognize most words, and a lot of Portuguese ones as well.
>>
>Well I speak an Eastern dialect (Palestinian) but still did fine with
>the Arab words, and the Portuguese I got from Spanish and French.
>
>Maybe on this island there was also a small residual Jewish community
>that survived the Inquisition? If I have time, I'll try to write a song
>they might have sung, in their Hebrew-colored dialect of Alborgian.
>
>Shaul
>
>
>Ingmar Roerdinkholder wrote:
>
>>An example of Alborgian, originally a Maghrebi-Arabic dialect, comparable
>>to Maltese but even more thoroughly influenced by Romance; it's the last
>>treshold of Iberian Arabic, spoken by Christians on the imaginary island
>>of Alborgia, South of Portugal.
>>
>>A short example:
>>
>>We nar mesih w'oliedo kal n'el abo d'o:
>>Papá, en heb (en) mesí f'el alm kwir!
>>Xâft youa basta d'el blêna zaïra deva.
>>En soal-ek: atê-li 'l denêr-i, o ageos!
>>L'abo gewab: Joan, enta l'olied'i 'l char helo.
>>Iella 'l soal-ek meis fásel l'i.
>>Alês la, papá? La'n kar figa onê.
>>
>>One good day a boy said to his father:
>>Daddy, I want to go into the big world!
>>I've seen enough of our little country now.
>>I ask you: give me my money, and farewell!
>>The father answered: John, you are my sweetest son.
>>But your question isn't easy to me.
>>Why not, Dad? I cannot stay here.
>>
>>Pronunciation:
>>more or less Portuguese, so:
>>-o = usually [u]
>>x, -s = [S]
>>ge, gi, j = [Z]
>>ê = [e]
>>é = [E]
>>ô = [o]
>>ó = [O]
>>
>>Anyone familiar with (Western) Arabic dialects should recognize most
>words,
>>and a lot of Portuguese ones as well.
>>
>>
>>Ingmar
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>Ingmar wrote:
>>>> I made all those Artlangs because I liked it, and not because I want
>>>> the world to speak them, including Middelsprake.
>>Henrik wrote:
>>>Wow! Many of these seem really interesting. Could you post some bits
>>>and pieces to give an impression?
>>=========================================================================
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