Re: Subject/Object participles

> > Logan Kearsley <chronosurfer@...> wrote:
>
> > ...nail as the object of 'hammer'. As far as I can tell, present
> > participles in English are always subject-oriented, while past
> > participles are always object oriented, and altering that requires
> > circumlocutions like "the nail which is being hammered" for 'nail'
> > to be the object in the present tense. But one could just as well
> > have a system that marks the tense/aspect/etc. of a participle
> > separately from whether the thing it modifies is a subject or
> > object. So, what languages do that, and how? And is it done in
> > natural languages, or just conlangs?
>Jim Henry <jimhenry1973@...> wrote:
>
> Esperanto:
>
> la kuranta viro = the running man
> la martelata najlo = the being-hammered nail
Only mood is marked on the verb in Senjecas.  Tense is indicated by a
preceding particle.

tserantu mhirus = the running man
per tserantu mhirus = the man who was running

Passivity is indicated periphrastically using the verb 'mola,' become
and the patient participle.

molanto tematho gwozdos = being hammered nail
per molanto tematho gwozdos = the nail that was being hammered.

Charlie