Re: "In spite of"

> Jim Henry <jimhenry1973@...> wrote:
>
> In trying to come up with a way to render the meaning of English
> "despite" / "in spite of", ....
> How do y'all express this meaning, whether as as conjunction or
> adposition or case or whatever, in your conlang or in natlangs
> you know?  I'm particularly interested in languages where it's
> derived from some more basic root rather than being an unanalyzable
> particle.
Senjecas has two classes of postpositions.  I call them derivative
and non-derivative.  As the name implies this latter class contains
postpositions not derived from other parts of speech, e.g., 'swa,'
apart from, beside; and 'aða,' between, among.  It is a non-
productive class.

Non-derivative postpositions are derived from other parts of speech.
The classic example is the verb 'tîîrsa,' the only example of a verb
from which one of every other part of speech is derived, with the
exception of an interjection.

tîîrsa (verb) = to defy
tîîrsas (noun) = defiance, obstinancy, stubbornness
tîîrsis (adj.) = defiant, refractory, obstinate, stubborn, contrary

tíírsa (postp.) = despite, in spite of, for, in the face of,
notwithstanding, with
tíírsi (conj.) = notwithstanding that, although, even though, albeit,
while, if
tíírsu (adv.) = in spite of it, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the
contrary

Charlie