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Re: complete conjugation of a silindion verb

From:Elliott Lash <erelion12@...>
Date:Saturday, August 7, 2004, 13:39
--- Jörg Rhiemeier <joerg_rhiemeier@...> wrote:
> > Your language is gorgeous, and your posts on it > shine a light > in the mirk of CHAT: posts and YAEPTs.
Thanks alot, I usually am wary of sending a huge mail full of just language forms, with not commentary. it's good to know people read them from time to time.
> > principle parts: > > nankiello "to discover, uncover, find" > > nankén "He discovers" > > nankerë "discovered" > > anankë "He discovered" > > nankena "discovered" > > Are these forms unpredictable, like the principal > parts students > of such languages as Latin and Greek have to learn > for each verb? >
They are somewhat unpredictable, although not to the same extent as in greek or latin. They basically follow from the various ways that stem finals combine with the endings. 1) nankiello: The ending is -yello, and the form is made as follows: nanke-yello > nanki-yello > nanki-ello All of these changes are regular and predictable. The changes that are not, however, are those which happen to the suffix itself. That is, there are various allomorphs of the infinite morpheme that are unpredictable. These allomorphs are: -iello, -eallo, -ollo, -lle, -llo 2) nankén "He discovers" This principle part shows the form of the present tense. Some verbs add the endings directly to the stem, like this verb. Some verbs add the endings to a "thematic vowel", which is usually the same vowel as the first vowel of the verb: horiello "to find" -> horon "he finds" tiliello "to see" -> tilin "he sees" leireallo "to praise" -> leiran "he praises" nephiello "to sing" -> nempe "he sings" (athematic) This principle part also shows the correct ending for the 3rd singular, which can be, unpredictable, both "-n" and "r". 3) nankerë This form is fairly predictable, if you know the correct sound changes to apply to the past participle suffix, which is underlyingly -dë. nanke-dë -> nanke-dhë -> nanke-zë -> nanke-rë This forms gives the stem of the verb, which in this case is a vowel stem in -e. Using this info, alot of other things can be determined. 4) anankë This form is the most unpredictable, there are many different past tense suffixes: -si, -ti, -ssi, -na, -në, -i, -ë. This verb happens to have an -i past, although the -i is swallowed up by the -e, to become -ë. 5) nankena This form, like the 3) principle part gives the stem of the verb, and can usually be founds by altering the ending of the 3) principle part to -(n)a. There are a few verbs which have an irregular gerund: falyallo "to waken" 3rd part: falyarë "awakened" 5th part: falina "awakening"
> > d) Necessitive Participle: nankendu "ought to be > > discovered"
> Such a form is called a "gerundive" in Latin > grammar. > I also notice that the Silindion gerundive is > similar in shape > to the Latin one.
Yes, that's the term that I used in older documents to describe it. I think it doesn't give enough info as to the use of it or the meaning. The gerundive is only like this in verbs whose stem is -e: diello "To gather" -> dendu "to be gathered" nankiello "to discover" -> nankendu "to be discovered" however, since the form is the dative of the gerund, in other types of verb, this is slightly different: falyallo "to awaken" -> falyandu "to be awakened" horiello "to find" -> hornanu "to find"
> > b) Imperfect Tense > > nankenesi bankenena > > nankenelë nankenenta > > nankenë nankenento / nankenentë > > The nasal element expressing the imperfect tense > reminds me > of Quenya.
Hmm..that's unfortunate. I try not to go too Quenya like. But, I guess it's unavoidable sometimes.
> (1) homorganic nasal infixed before the root-final > consonant, > in root verbs with a root-closing obstruent: > > grat- `to write' : grantma `I was writing' > boc- `to flee' : boñcma `I was fleeing' > > (2) /n/ suffixed to the root, in root verbs with a > root-closing > liquid or semivowel: > > chvar- `to make' : chvarnma `I was making' > > (3) suffix -@n, wherein /@/ assimilates to the > preceding vowel, > in all other cases: > > lin- `to sing' : linemma `I was singing' ( < > *lin-in-ma) > marar- `to kill' : mararamma `I was killing' ( < > *mar-ar-an-ma) > > (The verb marar- is a causative derived from the > root verb > mar- `to die'.)
This system is very very cool. I really like it.
> > c) Past Tense > > anankeisi anankeina > > anankeilë anankeinta > > anankë anankeinto / anankeintë
> Does your augment also assimilate to the root vowel > as in Quenya > or Old Albic, or is the vowel fixed as in Greek or > Sanskrit?
It's always an a-, although this shows up differently soemtimes, if the root begins with a vowel: a + a > o anaskello "to shake hands" > onaskë a + e > ë etyello "to lack" > eitë a + i > ë ilparëallo "to fill" > eilparë a + o > u orollo "to speak" -> urë a + u > o ullë "to glow" -> olë
> > > > f) Past Subjunctive > > (a)nankëusi (a)nankëuna > > (a)nankëulë (a)nankëunta > > (a)nankëu(n) (a)nankëunto / -ntë > > What do the (a)s mean? Is the augment optional?
It is optional, or at least sometimes the texts i write have it, sometimes they don't...I guess sometimes i forget about it in this tense.
> > [more forms snipped]
And I forgot the passive subjunctive past: nankeriusi nankeriuna nankeriulë nankeriunta nankeriu nankeriunto
> > Well, there you have it, a Silindion verb in all > it's > > glory. I hope that it was somewhat enjoyable > > Thanks! It was! Your language is a true > masterpiece!
thank you once more, I really like the look of Old Albic as well Elliott __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com